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The origin of self-consciousness in vertebrates: From studies of mirror self-recognition, intensive deception and meta-recognition

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K20630
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 61:Human informatics and related fields
Research InstitutionOsaka Metropolitan University (2022)
Osaka City University (2020-2021)

Principal Investigator

Kohda Masanori  大阪公立大学, 大学院文学研究科, 客員教授 (70192052)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 安房田 智司  大阪公立大学, 大学院理学研究科, 教授 (60569002)
吉田 将之  広島大学, 統合生命科学研究科(生), 准教授 (70253119)
十川 俊平  大阪公立大学, 大学院理学研究科, 研究員 (70854107)
川坂 健人  大阪公立大学, 大学院理学研究科, 特任講師 (60908416)
Project Period (FY) 2020-07-30 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥25,870,000 (Direct Cost: ¥19,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,970,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥7,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,740,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥7,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥10,530,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,430,000)
Keywords自己意識 / 自己概念 / 他者認識 / 他者概念 / 鏡像自己認知 / 写真自己認知 / レムノンレム睡眠 / 洞察 / 顔認識 / 内面的自己意識 / 内省的自己意識 / 非言語的思考 / メタ認識 / メタ自己認識 / 自我 / レム・ノンレム睡眠 / 認知進化生態学 / 共感性 / 同情 / 洞察力 / ユーリカモーメント / ユーリカ効果 / メタ認知 / ホンソメワケベラ / 知性の起源 / 脊椎動物 / 比較認知科学 / 意図的騙し
Outline of Research at the Start

鏡像自己認知をはじめ論理的思考や共感性など硬骨魚類の社会的認知能力の高さが相次いで報告され、これら魚類の認知能力の発見が従来の動物行動学の常識を次々と覆している。本課題研究では、ヒトや霊長類、哺乳類などの持つ自己意識や共感性といった高次の社会的認知能力(賢さ)の起源が、古生代の硬骨魚類にまで遡るという仮説を検討する。魚類の認知研究は、世界的にはじまったばかりだが、その成果を考えればこれからの展開が大いに期待できる。またこの仮説は脳神経科学の最近の見地とも合致している。これら我々の研究計画は、ヒトが動物界の頂点とするキリスト教的世界観と対立する、東洋的な動物観に沿った研究とも言える。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

We successfully revealed the mental process of mirror self-recognition in cleaner fish. This fish have mental image of self-face and identify itself, of which process is similar to humans. Thus, we can conclude this animals have private self-awareness. We propose this mental process will be homologous among animals that have the ability of mirror self-recognition.
We studied the timing of understanding of the mirror image as self, and found they have a eureka moment like humans: at the Moment then comprehend the self with emotions. This revolutionary finding will open a new field for cognitive ethology.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究で発見された自己顔認識による自己認識は、ヒト以外で初めての発見である。つまり、ヒトと同じような自己認識が魚でも発見されたわけで、その成果はヒトだけが自己意識があるとする従来の哲学的観念の再考を促す。魚で見つかったことは、他の脊椎動物でも同様になされることが推測される。また、「ユーリカ時刻」の確認は、魚にも物事が理解できることを明示している。これは、言語を持たない動物にも思考ができることを初めて示した研究成果であり、脊椎動物の賢さに対する認識を根底から覆すものである。その意味でこれらの発見が、社会科学にもたらす意義はとてつもなく大きいと言える。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (35 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (7 results) Journal Article (10 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 9 results,  Open Access: 8 results) Presentation (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Invited: 1 results) Book (3 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Associate Prof. Willam Sowersby/Biodiversity Division/Department of Energy and Climate Action(オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Prof. Jordan Alexander/Department of Biology/Constatin University(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Prof. Redouan Bshary/Department of Biology/Neushater University(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Dr. Deo Mushagalusa/Department of Limnology/Research Institute of Science(コンゴ共和国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Institute of Zoology/University of Neuchetel/Prof. Redouan Bshary(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Department of Biology/Merborn University/Dr. William Sowersby(オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Department of Collective Behaviour/Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour/Prof. Alexander Jordan(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Cleaner fish recognize self in a mirror via self-face recognition like humans2023

    • Author(s)
      Kohda Masanori、Bshary Redouan、Kubo Naoki、Awata Satoshi、Sowersby Will、Kawasaka Kento、Kobayashi Taiga、Sogawa Shumpei
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

      Volume: 120 Issue: 7 Pages: 7-7

    • DOI

      10.1073/pnas.2208420120

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Male guppies recognize familiar conspecific males by their face2023

    • Author(s)
      Sogawa S, Fukushima R, Sowersby W, Awata S, Kawasaka K, Kohda M
    • Journal Title

      Zoological Science

      Volume: 40 Issue: 2 Pages: 168-174

    • DOI

      10.2108/zs220088

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Reply to Morin’s comments: private self-awareness in fish.2023

    • Author(s)
      Kohda, M., Sowersby, W., Awata, S. & Sogawa, S.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

      Volume: 120 Issue: 19

    • DOI

      10.1073/pnas.2303923120

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Further evidence for the capacity of mirror self-recognition in cleaner fish and the significance of ecologically relevant marks2022

    • Author(s)
      Kohda M, Sogawa S, Jordan AL, Awata S, Satoh S, Kobayashi T, Fujita A, Bshary R
    • Journal Title

      PLOS Biology

      Volume: 20 Issue: 2 Pages: e3001529

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pbio.3001529

    • NAID

      120007193302

    • URL

      https://ocu-omu.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2020437

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report 2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Cooperative breeding in Neolamprologus bifasciatus, a cichlid fish inhabiting the deep reefs of Lake Tanganyika2022

    • Author(s)
      Satoh S Saeki T, Kohda M, Awata S
    • Journal Title

      Ecology of Freshwater Fish

      Volume: 25 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-10

    • DOI

      10.1111/eff.12658

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Subordinate fish mediate aggressiveness using recent contest information. Frontier in Ecol and Evol.2021

    • Author(s)
      Hotta T, Awata S, Kohda M.
    • Journal Title

      Frontier in Ecol Evol

      Volume: 9 Pages: 685907-685907

    • DOI

      10.3389/fevo.2021.685907

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Age- and sex-dependent variation in relatedness corresponds to reproductive skew, territory inheritance and workload in cooperatively breeding cichlids.2021

    • Author(s)
      Dario J, Heg D, Takeyama T, Bonfils D, Konovalov DA, Frommen JG, Kohda M, Taborsky M.
    • Journal Title

      Evolution

      Volume: 75 Issue: 11 Pages: 2881-2897

    • DOI

      10.1111/evo.14348

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Prosocial and antisocial choices in a monogamous cichlid with biparental care2021

    • Author(s)
      Satoh Shun、Bshary Redouan、Shibasaki Momoko、Inaba Seishiro、Sogawa Shumpei、Hotta Takashi、Awata Satoshi、Kohda Masanori
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Pages: 1775

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-021-22075-6

    • NAID

      120006998392

    • URL

      https://ocu-omu.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2020110

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Transitive inference in cleaner wrasses (Labroides dimidiatus)2020

    • Author(s)
      Hotta Takashi、Ueno Kentaro、Hataji Yuya、Kuroshima Hika、Fujita Kazuo、Kohda Masanori
    • Journal Title

      PLOS ONE

      Volume: 15 Issue: 8 Pages: e0237817-e0237817

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pone.0237817

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Context-dependent agonistic response to neighbours along territory boundaries in a cichlid fish2020

    • Author(s)
      Matsumoto Kazunori、Okamoto Yuki、Tsurumi Yuka、Kohda Masanori
    • Journal Title

      Behaviour

      Volume: 157 Issue: 6 Pages: 559-573

    • DOI

      10.1163/1568539x-bja10013

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Cleaner fish identify themselves via self-face recognition like humans2023

    • Author(s)
      Masanori Kohda
    • Organizer
      Animal Consciousness Conference
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 魚類で初めて実証:協同繁殖するシクリッドでは夫婦間であくびが伝染する2022

    • Author(s)
      岩田祐典・十川俊平・幸田正典・安房田智司
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 縄張り性のアユは隣接個体とDear Enemy関係を築くのか?2022

    • Author(s)
      林耕太・十川俊平・川坂健人・幸田正典・安房 田智司
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ホンソメワケベラは1時間で自分がわかる:写真自己認知2022

    • Author(s)
      大田遼・幸田正典・小林大雅・安房田智司・十川俊平
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会第39回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 一夫一妻制の種であるクマノミは古典的一妻多夫によっても繁殖するのか?2022

    • Author(s)
      小林優也・細田千咲・長井勇樹・幸田正典・安房田智司
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会第39回大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fish recognize the self via self-face recognition not kinesthetic visual matching2022

    • Author(s)
      Kohda M,
    • Organizer
      International Society Behavioral Ecology
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Three spined sticklebacks can discriminate others through true individual recognition (TIR) by their face2022

    • Author(s)
      Sogawa S, Huneno N, Kohda M
    • Organizer
      International Society Behavioral Ecology
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cleaner fish recognize self in a mirror via self-face recognition like in humans2021

    • Author(s)
      Kohda M, Sogawa S, Awata S, Kobayashi T, Kubo N, Fujita A, Bshary R
    • Organizer
      International Society of Ethology
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cleaner fish recognize own body size by mirror self-recognition2021

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi T, Kohda M, Sogawa S
    • Organizer
      International Society of Ethology
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Cleaner fish perform mirror self-recognition within one hour2021

    • Author(s)
      Sogawa S, Kobayashi T, Kubo N, Kohda M
    • Organizer
      International Society of Ethology
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ホンソメワケべらの「ユーリカ」:魚はヒトのように思考し理解するか?2021

    • Author(s)
      幸田正典、安房田智司、川坂健人、中居裕太、Bshary、久保直樹、十川俊平
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会第39回大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] ホンソメワケベラはヒトのように自己顔(心象)に基づき自己鏡像を認識する2020

    • Author(s)
      幸田正典・安房田智司・William Sowersby・川坂健人・久保直樹・十川俊平
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会第39回大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 「認知進化生態学」のススメ:動物の複雑な社会を維持する知性の源流を探る2020

    • Author(s)
      安房田智司・幸田正典・佐藤成祥・石原千晶
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会第39回大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 水圏動物の他者認知と自己認知:顔による個体識別と鏡像自己認知から.シンポジウムS17「動物の複雑な社会を維持する知性の源流を探る「認知進化生態学」:実践と展望」2020

    • Author(s)
      幸田正典
    • Organizer
      日本生態学会第86回大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] ホンソメワケベラは鏡を見て自分の体長を認識できるのか?2020

    • Author(s)
      小林大雅・幸田正典・安房田智司・十川俊平
    • Organizer
      日本動物行動学会第39回大会
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 生き物は不思議2023

    • Author(s)
      幸田正典
    • Total Pages
      285
    • Publisher
      河出書房新社
    • ISBN
      9784309617480
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 魚にも自分がわかる2021

    • Author(s)
      幸田 正典
    • Total Pages
      254
    • Publisher
      ちくま書房
    • ISBN
      9784480074324
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 「隠す」心理を科学する2021

    • Author(s)
      太幡直也、幸田正典 他
    • Total Pages
      259
    • Publisher
      北大路書房
    • ISBN
      9784762831683
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report

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Published: 2020-08-03   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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