| Project/Area Number |
20K20866
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 10:Psychology and related fields
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| Research Institution | Kyushu University |
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Principal Investigator |
Remijn Gerard 九州大学, 芸術工学研究院, 准教授 (40467098)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
富松 江梨佳 九州大学, 芸術工学研究院, 特別研究員 (20584668)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2020-07-30 – 2023-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥6,240,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,440,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
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| Keywords | eye gaze / visual object / dwell time / eye tracking / Midas Touch problem / visual password / object selection / age differences / pupil size / psychophysics |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
For object selection with eye tracking, users need to rest their eyes on an object for a certain amount of time. Due to differences in user capabilities, e.g., in age, dwell times need to be set according to individual needs. Our goal is to investigate individual dwell times and enable calibrations.
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
By using eye-tracking technology, we can select objects on a screen with our eye gaze. For example, we can perform “eye typing” to select letters to make a password. To select an object on a screen, we need to focus our eyes for a certain amount of time, called a dwell time. When this dwell time is too short, our eyes select objects even if we do not want to, called the Midas Touch problem. However, if the dwell time is too long, eye typing takes too much time. By performing experiments, we found that for persons under 35 years old, the ideal dwell time is about 600 ms. For users over 55 years of age, the ideal dwell time is about 800 ms. Importantly, these two main dwell time settings were obtained with relatively cheap eye-tracking devices, for a wide variety of objects, such as letters and numbers, dot patterns, and visual icons. Simplifying and standardizing dwell times to 600 ms and 800 ms settings will greatly assist the use of eye-gaze-based information input in daily life.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
When using our eye gaze to select objects on a screen, the time to focus our eyes on an object (dwell time) can be reduced to just two settings: 600 ms or 800 ms, depending on the user’s age. This greatly simplifies engineering developments of walk-on, touchless screen interfaces that use eye gaze.
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