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Solar-Terrestrial Environment at the Birth of Life

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K20943
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 17:Earth and planetary science and related fields
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo (2021-2022)
Nagoya University (2020)

Principal Investigator

Imada Shinsuke  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 教授 (40547965)

Project Period (FY) 2020-07-30 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥5,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,380,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Keywords太陽 / プラズマ / 太陽風 / 太陽フレア / 太陽周期活動 / 磁場 / 太陽地球環境 / 暗い若い太陽のパラドックス / 太陽圏 / フレア / 生命誕生
Outline of Research at the Start

地球に生命が誕生したとされる35億年前、標準モデルによると太陽は現在よりも暗く、地球は全球凍結の状態にあり、生命が誕生する事が難しい状態にあったと考えられている。昔の太陽が暗いと考えられている理由は初期太陽における核融合反応が活発で無いと考えられているためであり、当時太陽は現在の明るさの75%程度しかないと考えられている。この問題は太陽と地球環境の関係に関する最大の未解決問題のひとつである。本研究課題では、これまでとは全く違う、「昔の太陽は実は暗くなかった」可能性について、太陽地球環境・天文学の立場から検討する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

3.5 billion years ago, when life is said to have begun on Earth, according to the standard model, the sun was darker than it is today, and the Earth was in a frozen state, making it difficult for life to emerge. The reason why the ancient Sun is thought to be dark is that nuclear fusion reactions in the early Sun are thought to be inactive, and the Sun at that time was thought to be only about 75% as bright as it is today. Several solutions to this paradox have been proposed so far. So far, the influence of greenhouse gases has been mainly studied, but many unexplained phenomena have not yet been resolved. In this research project, we studied the possibility that "the ancient sun was not actually dark", which is completely different from the past study, from the standpoint of the solar-terrestrial environment and astronomy.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究計画は「太陽系と生命はどのように生まれて来たのかの解明」に直接答えを与えうるものであり、宇宙科学分野全体に与える意義は大きい。さらに、もし初期太陽が今より数%重かった場合、太陽系の惑星形成、地球以外の惑星大気の進化等、周辺の分野に多大な影響を及ぼしうる。それぞれの分野で確立されている観測事実や理論モデルと重たい初期太陽は矛盾しうる。逆に、これまで初期太陽が現在の太陽と変わらないものを想定していたために、説明できなかった現象が説明できる可能性もあり「The Faint Young Sun Paradox」の天文学的なアプローチは周辺分野への波及効果は大きい。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (34 results)

All 2023 2022 2021 2020

All Journal Article (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 8 results,  Peer Reviewed: 18 results,  Open Access: 6 results) Presentation (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 13 results,  Invited: 10 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Statistical analysis for EUV dynamic spectra and their impact on the ionosphere during solar flares2023

    • Author(s)
      Nishimoto Shohei、Watanabe Kyoko、Jin Hidekatsu、Kawai Toshiki、Imada Shinsuke、Kawate Tomoko、Otsuka Yuichi、Shinbori Atsuki、Tsugawa Takuya、Nishioka Michi
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 75 Issue: 1 Pages: 30-30

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-023-01788-6

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Inference of magnetic field during the Dalton minimum: Case study with recorded sunspot areas2022

    • Author(s)
      Uneme Shoma、Imada Shinsuke、Lee Harim、Park Eunsu、Hayakawa Hisashi、Iju Tomoya、Moon Yong-Jae
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 74 Issue: 4 Pages: 767-776

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psac032

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Factors That Determine the Power-law Index of an Energy Distribution of Solar Flares2022

    • Author(s)
      Kawai Toshiki、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 931 Issue: 2 Pages: 113-113

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac6aca

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] PSTEP: project for solar?terrestrial environment prediction2021

    • Author(s)
      Kusano Kanya、Ichimoto Kiyoshi、Ishii Mamoru、Miyoshi Yoshizumi、Yoden Shigeo、Akiyoshi Hideharu、Asai Ayumi、Ebihara Yusuke、Fujiwara Hitoshi、Goto Tada-Nori、Hanaoka Yoichiro、Hayakawa Hisashi、Hosokawa Keisuke、Hotta Hideyuki、Hozumi Kornyanat、Imada Shinsuke、Iwai Kazumasa、et al
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 73 Issue: 1 Pages: 159-159

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-021-01486-1

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Johann Christoph M?ller’s Sunspot Observations in 1719???1720: Snapshots of the Immediate Aftermath of the Maunder Minimum2021

    • Author(s)
      Hayakawa Hisashi、Iju Tomoya、Kuroyanagi Chiaki、Carrasco V?ctor M. S.、Besser Bruno P.、Uneme Shoma、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      Solar Physics

      Volume: 296 Issue: 10 Pages: 154-154

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11207-021-01880-8

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Stephan Prantner’s Sunspot Observations during the Dalton Minimum2021

    • Author(s)
      Hayakawa Hisashi、Uneme Shoma、Besser Bruno P.、Iju Tomoya、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 919 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/abee1b

    • NAID

      120007190685

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Energy Conversion Rate of an Active Region Transient Brightening Estimated by Hinode Spectroscopic Observations2021

    • Author(s)
      Kawai Toshiki、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 918 Issue: 2 Pages: 51-51

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac09eb

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] A New Broadening Technique of the Numerically Unresolved Solar Transition Region and Its Effect on the Spectroscopic Synthesis Using Coronal Approximation2021

    • Author(s)
      Iijima Haruhisa、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 917 Issue: 2 Pages: 65-65

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac07a5

    • NAID

      120007190682

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Nonequilibrium Ionization Plasma during a Large Solar Limb Flare Observed by Hinode/EIS2021

    • Author(s)
      Imada S.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Letters

      Volume: 914 Issue: 2 Pages: L28-L28

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ac063c

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Solar Soft X-ray Irradiance Variability, I: Segmentation of Hinode/XRT Full-Disk Images and Comparison with GOES (1???8 ?) X-Ray Flux2021

    • Author(s)
      Adithya H. N.、Kariyappa Rangaiah、Shinsuke Imada、Kanya Kusano、Zender Joe、Dam? Luc、Gabriel Giono、DeLuca Edward、Weber Mark
    • Journal Title

      Solar Physics

      Volume: 296 Issue: 4 Pages: 71-71

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11207-021-01785-6

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Reanalyses of the sunspot observations of Fogelius and Siverus: Two “Long-Term” observers during the Maunder Minimum2020

    • Author(s)
      Hayakawa Hisashi、Iju Tomoya、Uneme Shoma、Besser Bruno P、Kosaka Shunsuke、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: staa Issue: 1 Pages: 2965-2965

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/staa2965

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report 2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Energy Distribution of Small-scale Flares Derived Using a Genetic Algorithm2020

    • Author(s)
      Kawai Toshiki、Imada Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 906 Issue: 1 Pages: 2-2

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/abc9ae

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Solar cycle-related variation in solar differential rotation and meridional flow in solar cycle 242020

    • Author(s)
      Imada Shinsuke、Matoba Kengo、Fujiyama Masashi、Iijima Haruhisa
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Pages: 182-182

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-020-01314-y

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Statistical and Observational Research on Solar Flare EUV Spectra and Geometrical Features2020

    • Author(s)
      Nishimoto Shohei、Watanabe Kyoko、Imada Shinsuke、Kawate Tomoko、Lee Kyoung-Sun
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 904 Issue: 1 Pages: 31-31

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/abbacb

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Statistical Analysis of Asymmetric Sunspot Decay Observed by Hinode2020

    • Author(s)
      Imada Shinsuke、Kato Shota、Fujiyama Masashi
    • Journal Title

      Solar Physics

      Volume: 295 Issue: 11 Pages: 154-154

    • DOI

      10.1007/s11207-020-01724-x

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Nowcast of an EUV dynamic spectrum during solar flares2020

    • Author(s)
      Kawai Toshiki、Imada Shinsuke、Nishimoto Shohei、Watanabe Kyoko、Kawate Tomoko
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

      Volume: 205 Pages: 105302-105302

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105302

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] A Solar Magnetic-fan Flaring Arch Heated by Nonthermal Particles and Hot Plasma from an X-Ray Jet Eruption2020

    • Author(s)
      Lee Kyoung-Sun、Hara Hirohisa、Watanabe Kyoko、Joshi Anand D.、Brooks David H.、Imada Shinsuke、Prasad Avijeet、Dang Phillip、Shimizu Toshifumi、Savage Sabrina L.、Moore Ronald、Panesar Navdeep K.、Reep Jeffrey W.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 895 Issue: 1 Pages: 42-42

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab8bce

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Intrusion of Magnetic Peninsula Toward Neighboring Opposite Polarity Region that Triggers Largest Solar Flare in Solar Cycle 242020

    • Author(s)
      Yumi Bamba, Satoshi Inoue, Shinsuke Imada
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 894 Issue: 1 Pages: 29-29

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ab85ca

    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] SOLAR-C Mission and Numerical Modeling of Flaring Plasma2023

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada
    • Organizer
      RoCMI 2023: Confronting numerical models of the solar chromosphere and corona with high resolution observations
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Corona and Future Solar Mission SOLAR-C2022

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada
    • Organizer
      20th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON PLASMA PHYSICS
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Nonequilibrium Ionization Plasma during a Large Solar Limb Flare Observed by Hinode/EIS2022

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada
    • Organizer
      Hinode-15/IRIS-12
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Solar-C (EUVST) Mission2022

    • Author(s)
      今田晋亮 , 清水敏文 , 他 International Solar-C(EUVST) team
    • Organizer
      第22回 宇宙科学シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 太陽物理学における 2030 年代 の科学研究戦略2021

    • Author(s)
      今田晋亮 , 太陽研連会員
    • Organizer
      第150回 SGEPSS 総会・講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Current Status of the Solar-C (EUVST) Mission2021

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada , International Solar-C WG
    • Organizer
      Hinode-14/ IRIS-11
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] The Solar-C (EUVST) Mission and Data Management Plan2021

    • Author(s)
      今田晋亮 , International Solar-C WG
    • Organizer
      International Heliophysics Data Environment Alliance 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Current Status of the Solar-C (EUVST)2021

    • Author(s)
      今田晋亮 , International Solar-C WG
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Science Objectives and Current Status of Solar-C EUVST2021

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada, Toshifumi Shimizu, Tomoko Kawate, Shin Toriumi, Yukio Katsukawa et al.
    • Organizer
      43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Current Status of the Solar-C_EUVST Mission2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada, Toshifumi Shimizu, Tomoko Kawate, Shin Toriumi, Yukio Katsukawa et al.
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Solar-C EUVST mission2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada, Toshifumi Shimizu, Tomoko Kawate, Shin Toriumi, Yukio Katsukawa et al.
    • Organizer
      Uji Reconnection Workshop 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Science Objectives of the Solar-C(EUVST)2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada, Toshifumi Shimizu, Tomoko Kawate, Shin Toriumi, Yukio Katsukawa et al.
    • Organizer
      the Fourth Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Machine Learning Study in Solar Physics2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada, Toshiki Kawai, Shoma Uneme, Kento Michiwaki
    • Organizer
      The 29th International Toki Conference on Plasma and Fusion Research
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Variability of High Energy Particle Environment Associated with Solar Activity2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada, Daiko Shiota, Kazumasa iwai, Takashi Minoshima, Haruhisa Iijima, Yoshizumi Miyoshi
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Thermal Non-equilibrium Plasma Observed by Hinode2020

    • Author(s)
      Shinsuke Imada
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020
    • Related Report
      2020 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Book] Solar-terrestrial environmental prediction2023

    • Author(s)
      Kusano et al.
    • Total Pages
      462
    • Publisher
      Springer
    • ISBN
      9789811977640
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2020-08-03   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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