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The Changes in Housing Planning and Living Environment in National Hansen's Disease Sanatoria in Japan

Research Project

Project/Area Number 20K22446
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section 0304:Architecture, building engineering, and related fields
Research InstitutionOkayama University

Principal Investigator

Park Minjeong  岡山大学, 環境生命科学学域, 特任助教 (80881094)

Project Period (FY) 2020-09-11 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Keywordsハンセン病 / 国立療養所 / 居住環境 / 住宅計画 / 入所者 / 患者住宅
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究では国立ハンセン病療養所を一施設である以前に日常が営まれてきた町としてとらえ、開園から現在に至るまで施設内の住宅計画の変遷をもとに住宅地が形成される過程について明らかにし、高齢化が進む地方集落の先端事例として今後の住宅計画における知見を得ることを目的とする。町の拡張と縮小、高齢化、空家の増加、集約といった課題について、ハンセン病療養所が時代の先端を走るものと捉え、人々の生活の根幹である住宅の変遷をたどることにより、今後の社会への知見を得ることができると考える。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study focused on the function of Hansens’s disease sanatoria as residential facilities, not medical facilities, and investigated the changes in housing in response to changes in social background and residents' needs. The housing planning of each sanatorium was clarified and the overall trend and characteristics of each facility were analyzed, based on the changes in patient housing, population, age composition of residents, and facility maintenance.
Even facilities installed and operated under the same system were found to have different characteristics depending on the construction period and location conditions. Also, it is confirmed that ideal facility image of each sanatorium is reflected in each plan. These characteristics tend to be noticeable during the period of change, such as the expansion and reduction of facilities. In recent years, differences appear in terms of choosing the final abode for residents and opening the facility to the outside world.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

全ての施設は目的と用途に応じて計画されているため、療養所の住宅計画の変遷を追うことは、近代の衛生政策と患者の療養生活の関係を明らかにすることであり、建築計画史の側面において重要な意味を持つ。これまでも個々の療養所に対する調査は行われてきたが、国立療養所13か所を網羅的に調査するのは初の試みである。ハンセン病療養施設の建設は諸外国でも多数確認されており、特定の療養所や時期に限らず全体像を明らかにしたことで、国際社会における日本の療養所の位置づけを明確にするための基礎的データとしての役割が期待できる。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • 2020 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (7 results)

All 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (2 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 2 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (5 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results)

  • [Journal Article] THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND CHARACTERISTIC OF PATIENTS’ HOUSING IN NAGASHIMA-AISEIEN, THE NATIONAL SATATORIUM IN JAPAN2023

    • Author(s)
      PARK Minjeong
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ)

      Volume: 88 Issue: 803 Pages: 68-78

    • DOI

      10.3130/aija.88.68

    • ISSN
      1340-4210, 1881-8161
    • Year and Date
      2023-01-01
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The Formation Process and Changes in Patients’ Housing in Nagashima-Aiseien, the First National Sanatorium in Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      Minjeong Park, Toshio Otsuki
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the 19th International Planning History Society Conference

      Volume: 19 Pages: 477-488

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 国立療養所長島愛生園における十坪住宅の登場と患者住宅整備の変遷2022

    • Author(s)
      パクミンジョン
    • Organizer
      2022年度日本建築学会大会(北海道)学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The Formation Process of Hansen's Disease Sanatoria in Japan and the Characteristics of the Sanatorium Environment2022

    • Author(s)
      Minjeong Park
    • Organizer
      International Conference of Asian-Pacific Planning Societies 2022(Nagasaki)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] The Formation Process and Changes in Patients’ Housing in Nagashima-Aiseien, the First National Sanatorium in Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      Minjeong Park, Toshio Otsuki
    • Organizer
      The 19th International Planning History Society Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 国立療養所長島愛生園における十坪住宅の登場と患者住宅整備の変遷2022

    • Author(s)
      パクミンジョン
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会大会学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Formation Process of Treatment Environment for Hansen’s Disease in Japan and its Uniqueness2021

    • Author(s)
      Minjeong Park, Toshio Otsuki
    • Organizer
      The 4th International Conference of the East-Asian Society for Urban History & 2nd International Conference of the HK+ Institute for Integrated Medical Humanities
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2020-09-29   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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