| Budget Amount *help |
¥30,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥23,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥7,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥9,880,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,280,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥10,010,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,310,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥10,920,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,520,000)
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| Research Abstract |
It was found that the production and transportation of copper and lead in Japan during the 10 to 17^<th> centuries became clear by the analysis of lead isotope ratios of practical objects such as bronze sutra cases, bronze temple bell, lead bullets and Christian objects and others. Especially after the 16^<th> century, lead circulation was so serious problem for the feudal lords to produce silver and to use it for the gun bullets, that the effect of foreign lead on Japanese history was extremely large and the effect changed the Japanese history to new course.
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