| Budget Amount *help |
¥12,870,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,970,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000)
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| Research Abstract |
We compared typologically different languages: Japanese, English, Croatian, and Finnish cross-linguistically from the acoustic point of view on linguistic rhythm and timing. In production, we found that in English, pitch and intensity seemed to be more significantly coordinated, whereas in Japanese, pitch height and durational categorisation were more significant, but not necessarily coordinated. In Croatian, durational ratios between short and long were much shorter than Japanese and Finnish. It was also suggested that in Croatian, tonal movements, durational control and strictly bound intensity are coordinated as a whole, part of which seemed to be similar to Finnish. Concerning perception, Japanese employ a binary accentual categorization. In terms of the relationship between linguistic rhythms and the closely related physiological respiratory mechanism, we found that chest and stomach muscle movements depended on language and that a pause, which appeared at the phrasal, sent ntial and passage level, plays an important role in speech mechanism.
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