| Budget Amount *help |
¥18,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥9,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,220,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The rate of annual change in post-bronchodilator FEV1 is highly variable over a period of 5 years among patients with COPD who receive appropriate therapy. Emphysema severity, which varies substantially even for the same spirometric stage, is independently associated with a rapid annual decline in FEV1. The presence of sustainers, who can maintain pulmonary function, warrants specific attention together with rapid decliners in clinical practice.
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