| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥130,000 (Direct Cost: ¥100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥30,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Clenbuterol(CLE) is one of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists with powerful muscle anabolic and lipolytic effects and is prohibited to use as doping drug for athletes. It is manufactured as a 1 : 1 racemic mixture of two enantiomers,(-)-R and(+)-S isomers.
The both enantiomers induced the increased cardiac and skeletal muscles mass.
Particularly, fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle having less beta-2 adrenergic receptor was affected more strongly. The expression of MyoD mRNAs by enantiomers was different between fast and slow-twitch muscles, but the results in proteins were not synchronized with the changes of mRNAs. Furthermore, the(+)-S isomer strongly inhibited the femurs and tibiae bones.
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