| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The nomadic Penans in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia are hunter-gatherers who move in the group of tens of people unit using wild sago palms as the staple food. But the tropical rain forests around their residence were the targets of commercial logging in the 1990s, and their living environment has got worse. On the other hand, contact with external actors, such as logging companies, the state government, NGOs, increases, and nomadic people began to take in partially their life-strategies of settling down and cultivation. However, nomadic Penans still adopt their fundamental life-strategy of securing mobility in order to get wild sago palms.
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