| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Wing size and flight muscle of ant-attended Tuberculatus aphids exhibited weak development than those of non ant-attended Tuberculatus aphids. Moreover, T quercicola exhibited reduced flight muscle development under ant attendance. These results suggested that ant-attended aphids have increased embryo numbers rather than flight in their course of evolution. In contrast, non ant-attended aphids have evolved flight behavior rather than increase in embryo numbers.
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