Budget Amount *help |
¥20,410,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,710,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥9,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,220,000)
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Research Abstract |
Fine-scale behavioral data were recorded for the Greenland shark and the polar bear, the top predators in the Arctic ecosystems. Greenland sharks showed the slowest swim speed and tail-beat frequency across fishes, when the effect of body size was accounted for. This result indicates that the swimming performance of this species is limited by cold water in the Arctic Ocean. Polar bears were active for about the half of their time, without showing clear diel activity patterns, in April.
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