| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,330,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,230,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
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| Research Abstract |
A purpose of this research is to throw light on the revolution of self-and-other recognitions of Japanese intellectuals who used the term"Teikoku"(Empire)among the late eighteenth century and middle nineteenth century.
"Teikoku"is not a Classical Chinese expression but a new word which translated from"keizerrijk"(Dutch : Empire)by a Rangakusha(Dutch scholar)in late eighteenth century. Most of Japanese intellectuals thought that the status of"Teikoku"was superior to any other monarchies like"Okoku"(Kingdom), dukedom and marquisate. Because these intellectuals who were educated under the Confucianism Culture knew that"K. tei"(Emperor)was superior to any other monarchs, they could accept this novel term which was not found on the Chinese classics without difficulty.
It was fortunate for them that many geography books which were published in Europe said"Japan is one of the Empires". Japanese intellectuals who read such a description in these books(include translations)became to believe superiority and independence of Japan. It is a very irony that anti-foreignism of Japanese chauvinists was constructed by foreign books.
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