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Nonthermal processes in lightning and thunderclouds revealed by observations at ground and high mountains

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21H01116
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 15020:Experimental studies related to particle-, nuclear-, cosmic ray and astro-physics
Research InstitutionJapan Atomic Energy Agency

Principal Investigator

Tsuchiya Harufumi  国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構, 原子力科学研究部門 原子力科学研究所 原子力基礎工学研究センター, 研究副主幹 (70415230)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 川田 和正  東京大学, 宇宙線研究所, 助教 (10401291)
和田 有希  大阪大学, 大学院工学研究科, 助教 (40879144)
小井 辰巳  中部大学, 工学部, 教授 (60831774)
Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥7,150,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,650,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥8,060,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,860,000)
Keywords放射線観測 / 雷雲 / 制動放射 / 宇宙線 / 粒子加速 / 放射線計測 / 北陸地域 / チベット高山 / 雷雲電場 / 中性子ガンマ線弁別 / 雷 / 光核反応
Outline of Research at the Start

雷や雷雲が持つ電場により電子が加速され、ガンマ線や中性子が発生する。中性子は、雷の中で加速された電子からのガンマ線が窒素原子核と衝突し、中性子をはじき出す光核反応により発生する。光核反応が雷ではなく雷雲に由来して発生しているかどうか、実ははっきりとしていない。本研究では、地上や高山において雷雲から高エネルギー放射線を捉え、雷雲の中で電子がどのように加速されているのかを明らかにする。その上で、雷雲に由来して光核反応が起こるのかどうかを検証する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study aimed to understand how radiation (gamma-ray glow) is produced from thunderclouds. For this aim, we used small radiation devices installed in the Hokuriku region and a cosmic ray detector placed on the Tibetan plateau (4300 meters above sea level). The research was conducted during the winter season when thunderstorms frequently occur in the Hokuriku region. Radio wave and electric field observations in the Hokuriku region during winter revealed that when gamma-ray glow occurs, ice crystals and hail within thunderclouds are distributed in such a way that they generate an electric field accelerating electrons toward to the ground. Observations in the Tibetan plateau showed that, unlike in the Hokuriku region, gamma-ray glow is more likely to be observed during the summer rainy season, with durations ranging from 10 to 40 minutes.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

放射線観測とともに、電波や電場観測との連携により、ガンマ線グローの生成メカニズムの解明に重要となる電子加速を決定する雷雲内の電荷分布や構造を評価した。
チベット高山(高度4300 m)では、北陸地域とは異なるガンマ線グローの描像が得られた。とくに、チベット高山の長期観測データからガンマ線グローの発生が太陽活動あるいは宇宙線と関連があるかもしれない可能性が示された。今後、得られた新たな描像の解明のため、宇宙線分野や気象分野との連携が進むことが期待できる。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (28 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (11 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 11 results,  Open Access: 8 results) Presentation (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Invited: 2 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Characteristics of temporal variability of long-duration bursts of high-energy radiation associated with thunderclouds on the Tibetan plateau2024

    • Author(s)
      Tsuchiya H.、 Hibino K.、 Kawata K.、 Ohnishi M.、 Takita M.、 Munakata K.、 Kato C.、 Shimoda S.、 Shi Q.、 Wang S.、 Han C.、 Zhai L.
    • Journal Title

      Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-14

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40645-024-00625-y

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Negative Excursion of Surface Electric Fields During Gamma‐Ray Glows in Winter Thunderstorms2023

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y.、Kamogawa M.、Kubo M.、Enoto T.、Hayashi S.、Sawano T.、Yonetoku D.、Tsuchiya H.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

      Volume: 128 Issue: 21 Pages: 1-20

    • DOI

      10.1029/2023jd039354

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche Development Near the Electric Field Threshold in Inhomogeneous Air2023

    • Author(s)
      Diniz G. S.、Wada Y.、Ohira Y.、Nakazawa K.、Tsurumi M.、Enoto T.
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Research Letters

      Volume: 50 Issue: 20 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.1029/2023gl105087

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Termination of Downward‐Oriented Gamma‐Ray Glow by Normal‐Polarity In‐Cloud Discharge Activity2023

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y.、Wu T.、Wang D.、Enoto T.、Nakazawa K.、Morimoto T.、Nakamura Y.、Shinoda T.、Tsuchiya H.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

      Volume: 128 Issue: 15 Pages: 1-9

    • DOI

      10.1029/2023jd038606

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Synoptic meteorological conditions of gamma-ray glows in winter thunderstorms2023

    • Author(s)
      Wada Yuuki、Tsurumi Miwa、Hayashi Syugo、Michimoto Koichiro
    • Journal Title

      Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

      Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-21

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40645-023-00538-2

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Characteristics of Low‐Frequency Pulses Associated With Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes2022

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y.、Morimoto T.、Nakamura Y.、Wu T.、Enoto T.、Nakazawa K.、Ushio T.、Yuasa T.、Tsuchiya H.
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Research Letters

      Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.1029/2021gl097348

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Atmospheric Electron Spatial Range Extended by Thundercloud Electric Field Below the Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche Threshold2022

    • Author(s)
      Diniz G.、Wada Y.、Ohira Y.、Nakazawa K.、Enoto T.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

      Volume: 127 Issue: 3 Pages: 1-14

    • DOI

      10.1029/2021jd035958

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Catalog of gamma-ray glows during four winter seasons in Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y.、Matsumoto T.、Enoto T.、Nakazawa K.、Yuasa T.、Furuta Y.、Yonetoku D.、Sawano T.、Okada G.、Nanto H.、Hisadomi S.、Tsuji Y.、Diniz G. S.、Makishima K.、Tsuchiya H.
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Research

      Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Pages: 043117-043117

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevresearch.3.043117

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Multiple Gamma‐Ray Glows and a Downward TGF Observed From Nearby Thunderclouds2021

    • Author(s)
      Hisadomi S.、Nakazawa K.、Wada Y.、Tsuji Y.、Enoto T.、Shinoda T.、Morimoto T.、Nakamura Y.、Yuasa T.、Tsuchiya H.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

      Volume: 126 Issue: 18 Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1029/2021jd034543

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Meteorological Aspects of Gamma‐Ray Glows in Winter Thunderstorms2021

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y.、Enoto T.、Kubo M.、Nakazawa K.、Shinoda T.、Yonetoku D.、Sawano T.、Yuasa T.、Ushio T.、Sato Y.、Diniz G. S.、Tsuchiya H.
    • Journal Title

      Geophysical Research Letters

      Volume: 48 Issue: 7 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.1029/2020gl091910

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 高エネルギー大気物理学における陽電子の観測2021

    • Author(s)
      和田有希
    • Journal Title

      陽電子科学

      Volume: 17 Pages: 1-5

    • NAID

      40022686544

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Multi-Frequency Observation of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes in Winter Thunderstorms2023

    • Author(s)
      Y. Wada, T. Morimoto, Y. Nakamura, et al.,
    • Organizer
      URSI-GASS2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] High-energy Atmospheric Physics in Winter Thunderstorms of Japan2023

    • Author(s)
      Y. Wada
    • Organizer
      AGU Atmospheric and Space Electricity Early Career Event Vol.2
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 北陸冬季雷におけるガンマ線グロー発生時の大気電場変動2023

    • Author(s)
      和田 有希、鴨川 仁、久保 守、榎戸 輝揚、林 修吾、澤野 達哉、米徳 大輔、土屋 晴文
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合2023年大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] High-energy atmospheric physics in Japan: what we learned and will learn from winter thunderstorms2023

    • Author(s)
      Y. Wada
    • Organizer
      Thunderstorms and Elementary Particle Acceleration (TEPA) 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Lightning Mapping as a Probe of Electron Accelerator in Thunderclouds2023

    • Author(s)
      Y. Wada, T. Wu, D. Wang, T. Enoto, K. Nakazawa, T. Morimoto, Y. Nakamura, T. Shinoda and H. Tsuchiya
    • Organizer
      38th International Cosmic Ray Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Observation of a downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash and the flash-induced neutrons2023

    • Author(s)
      H. Tsuchiya, Y. Wada, T. Enoto and K. Nakazawa
    • Organizer
      38th International Cosmic Ray Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 高山での雷雲に由来する放射線の時間特性2023

    • Author(s)
      土屋晴文, 日比野欣也, 川田和正, 大西宗博, 瀧田正人, 宗像一起, 加藤千尋
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2023年春季大会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 冬季の日本海沿岸におけるガンマ線グロー領域で始まった雷放電の観測2023

    • Author(s)
      鶴見美和, 榎戸輝揚, 一方井祐子, 辻直希, Diniz Gabriel, Ting Wu, Daohong Wang, 高垣徹, 三宅晶子, 富岡大, 中澤知洋, 篠田太郎, 森本健志, 中村佳敬, 鴨川仁, 土屋晴文
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2023年春季大会(オンライン)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ガンマ線を発生させる北陸冬季雷の総観場解析2022

    • Author(s)
      和田有希, 鶴見美和, 道本光一郎
    • Organizer
      日本気象学会2022年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Catalog analysis of gamma-ray glows in winter thunderstorms of Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y., Enoto T., Nakazawa K., Kubo M., Yuasa T., Yonetoku D., Sawano T., Okada G., Nanto H., Ushio T., Diniz G.S., Makishima K., Tsuchiya H.
    • Organizer
      Thunderstorms and Elementary Particle Acceleration (TEPA-2022)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Broadband Low-Frequency Views of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes2022

    • Author(s)
      Wada Y.
    • Organizer
      2022 URSI-Japan Radio Science Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 雷活動に由来するガンマ線の観測プロジェクト:2021年1月のgamma-ray glowのコリメータスペクトルの時間変動解析2022

    • Author(s)
      大熊佳吾, 中澤知洋, 辻結菜, 久富章平, 小谷大貴, 伊神勇作, 榎戸輝揚, 和田有希, 湯浅孝行, 土屋晴文, 篠田太郎, Gabriel Diniz, 山田真也
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第77回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 北陸の冬季雷雲に由来するガンマ線イベントのカタログ解析2022

    • Author(s)
      和田有希, 榎戸輝揚, 中澤知洋, 久保守, 湯浅孝行, 米徳大輔, 澤野達哉, 岡田豪, 南戸秀仁, 篠田太郎, 佐藤陽祐, Gabriel Sousa Diniz, 牛尾知雄, 牧島一夫, 土屋晴文
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第77回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 雷活動に由来するガンマ線の観測プロジェクト:2021年1月に観測されたgamma-ray glowにおけるガンマ線と電子の同時検出2021

    • Author(s)
      辻結菜, 中澤知洋, 久富章平, 伊神勇作, 小谷大貴, 大熊佳吾, 榎戸輝揚, 和田有希, 湯浅孝行, 土屋晴文, 篠田太郎, Gabriel Diniz
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2021年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 雷活動に由来するガンマ線の観測プロジェクト:2021年1月の gamma-ray glow のコリメータスペクトルの詳細解析2021

    • Author(s)
      大熊佳吾, 中澤知洋, 久富章平, 辻結菜, 小谷大貴, 伊神勇作, 榎戸輝揚, 和田有希, 湯浅孝行, 土屋晴文, 篠田太郎, Gabriel Diniz, 山田真也
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2021年秋季大会プログラム
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Low-frequency pulses associated with downward terrestrial gamma-ray flashes in Japan2021

    • Author(s)
      Yuuki Wada, Takeshi Morimoto, Yoshitaka Nakamura, Teruaki Enoto, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Ting Wu, Tomoo Ushio, Takayuki Yuasa,Harufumi Tsuchiya
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall meeting 2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Book] Observational Studies of Photonuclear Reactions Triggered by Lightning Discharges2021

    • Author(s)
      Yuuki Wada
    • Total Pages
      176
    • Publisher
      Springer Nature
    • ISBN
      9789811604591
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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