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"Shin" Paleogenomics Creates New Perspectives on the Utilization of Museum Materials

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21H04358
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 3:History, archaeology, museology, and related fields
Research InstitutionKanazawa University

Principal Investigator

Gakuhari Takashi  金沢大学, 古代文明・文化資源学研究所, 助教 (70749530)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 松前 ひろみ  東海大学, 医学部, 助教 (00735681)
金原 正明  奈良教育大学, ESD・SDGsセンター, 研究部員 (10335466)
本橋 慶一  東京農業大学, 国際食料情報学部, 教授 (10527542)
岡崎 健治  鳥取大学, 医学部, 助教 (10632937)
中込 滋樹  金沢大学, 古代文明・文化資源学研究所, 客員准教授 (40625208)
石谷 孔司  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 生命工学領域, 研究員 (40826062)
細川 正人  早稲田大学, 理工学術院, 准教授(任期付) (60722981)
和久 大介  東京農業大学, 国際食料情報学部, 助教 (60793578)
Project Period (FY) 2021-04-05 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥42,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,750,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥11,570,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,670,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥12,870,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,970,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥17,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,110,000)
Keywordsパレオゲノミクス / 微量サンプリング / 古人骨 / 絶滅哺乳類 / 植物病理標本 / 寄生虫卵 / シングルセル / 絶滅動物 / 植物標本 / シングルセル解析 / 遺跡出土骨 / 博物館 / 生物標本
Outline of Research at the Start

遺跡から出土する骨や寄生虫卵などの微化石、博物館に収蔵されている生物標本のゲノム解析をパレオゲノミクスと呼ぶ。これまでのパレオゲノミクスは、保存状態が劣悪な資料から高品質のゲノムデータを取得することが困難であったため、新たな技術の応用が求められていた。本研究は1細胞分取技術(シングルセル解析)をパレオゲノミクスに応用し、「難ゲノム配列決定資料群」からの高品質なゲノムデータ取得と集団ゲノム解析を試みる。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study was conducted with the aim of applying the analytical methods of paleogenomics (ancient genome analysis) that have been accumulated so far to various biological materials in the museum collection. In particular, as a new development of genome analysis for various specimens with a high degree of degradation, we attempted to apply paleogenomics by micro-sampling to acquire genome data from "difficult-to-analyze genome materials" that have been difficult to analyze, and to conduct comparative genome analysis using the acquired genome data. Paleogenomics was conducted on paleohuman bones, extinct mammals in museums, fungal specimens, plant pathology specimens, and parasite eggs, demonstrating that paleogenomics can be applied to materials that have been difficult to analyze in the past.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

これまでのパレオゲノミクス研究は、DNA分子の保存環境が良好な資料を対象にした研究が中心的であったが、既存のパレオゲノミクスの手法では分析が困難な「難ゲノム解析資料群」が膨大な数存在している。これらの資料からゲノムデータを取得することが可能になれば、今まではDNAが保存されやすい地域や時代だけの点々としたデータを比較解析していた研究の制約状況を改善することができ、これまで以上に膨大な資料群のゲノムデータを用いた新しいパレオゲノミクスの研究が可能になると期待される。新たな分析手法を応用することで、生物学だけでなく、農学や法医学などの他分野の研究領域に対しても、有益な情報を提示できる考えられる。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (13 results)

All 2024 2023 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (4 results) Journal Article (3 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 3 results,  Open Access: 3 results) Presentation (5 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Invited: 5 results) Funded Workshop (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] ダブリン大学(アイルランド)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ソウル大学(韓国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 中国社会科学院(中国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] モンゴル科学アカデミー(モンゴル)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Medieval genomes from eastern Mongolia share a stable genetic profile over a millennium2024

    • Author(s)
      Lee Juhyeon、Sato Takehiro、Tajima Atsushi、Amgalantugs Tsend、Tsogtbaatar Batmunkh、Nakagome Shigeki、Miyake Toshihiko、Shiraishi Noriyuki、Jeong Choongwon、Gakuhari Takashi
    • Journal Title

      Human Population Genetics and Genomics

      Volume: 4 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.47248/hpgg2404010004

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The history of ancient Japanese dogs revealed by mitogenomes2024

    • Author(s)
      Xiayire Xiaokaiti, Takao Sato, Kenji Kasai, Kenichi Machida, Kyomi Yamazaki, Naomitsu Yamaji, Hiroki Kikuchi, Jun Gojobori1, Hitomi Hongo, Yohey Terai, Takashi Gakuhari
    • Journal Title

      Anthropological Science

      Volume: 132 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.1537/ase.230617

    • ISSN
      0918-7960, 1348-8570
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Genomic insights into a tripartite ancestry in the Southern Ryukyu Islands2023

    • Author(s)
      Cooke Niall P.、Mattiangeli Valeria、Cassidy Lara M.、Okazaki Kenji、Kasai Kenji、Bradley Daniel G.、Gakuhari Takashi、Nakagome Shigeki
    • Journal Title

      Evolutionary Human Sciences

      Volume: 5 Pages: 1-9

    • DOI

      10.1017/ehs.2023.18

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Insights into demography, selection, and pathogen loads2024

    • Author(s)
      Shigeki Nakagome
    • Organizer
      International Symposium for Paleogenomics -Great Journey Linking Medicine & Archaeology-
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 海外の遺跡出土骨からゲノムを読む オンサイトパレオゲノミクスの創出と課題2023

    • Author(s)
      覚張隆史
    • Organizer
      MBSJ 2023 (日本分子生物学会)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Genomic insights into human past and health from a study of insular East Asia2023

    • Author(s)
      Shigeki Nakagome
    • Organizer
      Trinity Translational Medical Institute Conference 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] パレゲノミクス2.0~異分野連携に向けたパレオゲノミクスデータの活用~2023

    • Author(s)
      石谷孔司
    • Organizer
      金沢大学サピエンス進化医学研究センター キックオフシンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 遺跡出土人骨からゲノムを読む 進化医学と考古学の融合研究に向けて2023

    • Author(s)
      覚張隆史
    • Organizer
      第42回金沢腎セミナー
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Funded Workshop] International Symposium for Paleogenomics -Great Journey Linking Medicine & Archaeology-2024

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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