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彗星のメタン分子重水素比の初測定による原始太陽系円盤赤道面の物質輸送過程の解明

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21H04498
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 16:Astronomy and related fields
Research InstitutionKyoto Sangyo University

Principal Investigator

河北 秀世  京都産業大学, 理学部, 教授 (70356129)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 猿楽 祐樹  京都産業大学, 神山天文台, 研究員 (10512147)
近藤 荘平  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 技術専門職員 (30583413)
新中 善晴  京都産業大学, 神山天文台, 研究員 (60774429)
安井 千香子  国立天文台, TMTプロジェクト, 助教 (00583626)
小林 尚人  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (50280566)
濱野 哲史  国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, 特別客員研究員 (70756270)
新井 彰  京都産業大学, 公私立大学の部局等, 研究員 (30582457)
Project Period (FY) 2021-04-05 – 2026-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2025)
Budget Amount *help
¥41,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2025: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥8,970,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,070,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥17,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥11,440,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,640,000)
Keywords彗星 / 近赤外線高分散分光 / 原始惑星系円盤 / イマージョン回折格子 / 近赤外線高分散分光器
Outline of Research at the Start

生命誕生の源となった水や有機分子のルーツを探るうえで原始太陽系円盤内での物理化学過程の理解が欠かせない。本研究では、その過程の履歴を保持していると考えられている太陽系始原天体の彗星の観測から円盤内の大規模な物質輸送過程を解明することを目的としている。そのため独自開発の高効率ゲルマニウム製イマージョン回折格子を用いた新しいタイプの近赤外線高分散分光器を開発する。波長3μm帯における最高感度の地上望遠鏡観測を実現し、彗星コマ中のメタン重水素体による極めて微弱な輝線の初検出を目指す。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本研究では、彗星コマ中のメタン重水素体による極めて微弱な輝線の測定を目指し、波長3μm帯における最高感度の地上近赤外線高分散分光観測を実現するため、独自開発のイマージョン回折格子を用いた新しい近赤外線高分散分光器を開発する。
2023年度は、これまでの設計や評価実験の結果をもとに、分光素子の製作、機械式冷凍機の保持機構といった実機用パーツの製作に着手した。また、赤外線検出器の保持機構の開発、二次元赤外線検出器の低温読み出し試験を進めた。分光素子の製作について、厳密結合波解析法(RCWA法)を用いてイマージョン回折格子の絶対回折効率を計算し、そのブレーズ角依存性と頂角依存性を調査することで、装置の効率が最大になる仕様を決定した。その仕様通りの形状を持つ回折格子を実現した。機械式冷凍機の保持機構について、まず空気ばね式除振台上に機械式冷凍機のコールドヘッドを固定して振動の測定を行い、振動特性を評価した。振動が装置に伝わらないように抑制する工夫を施した保持機構を設計、製作した。赤外線検出器の保持機構について、クライオスタットを開けることなくアライメントの調整が行えるようにモーターを使った保持機構を設計した。二次元赤外線検出器の低温読み出し試験について、使用する実験用クライオスタットに対してリーク問題を解消する対策を施した。効果はあったものの、検出器の低温評価を実施するにはまだ不安が残るため、改良を継続している。開発と並行して既存装置を用いた赤外線高分散分光観測も行った。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

3: Progress in research has been slightly delayed.

Reason

最新の研究動向に合わせた装置仕様の見直し、および新型コロナウイルス感染拡大・ウクライナ情勢に起因した工業製品・材料の供給不安定のため前年までの段階で遅れが生じていた。加えて急激な円安の進行により当初予定していたよりも物品の入手や製作が困難になったため。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

これまでの新型コロナウイルス感染拡大・ウクライナ情勢に起因した工業製品・材料の供給不安定、急激な円安の進行により、本事業で当初予定していた海外での観測まで達成することは予算的に難しい。そこで研究代表者が台長を務める神山天文台で開発が進められてきたセラミック光学系を性能実証も兼ねて大学の経費で導入することで事業期間内での装置の完成を目指す。この光学系の導入により、まず装置の性能が格段に安定し、メンテナンスや海外移設における再調整のコストも押さえられ、長期的な視点で見ると大きなメリットがある。神山天文台荒木望遠鏡に取り付けてファーストライトを行い、金星などのスペクトルを実際に取得することで装置の性能を実証するとともに科学的成果も創出する。海外での観測については、本研究で対象としている天体以外の観測への利用を希望する研究者(すでに興味を示している方が複数いる)とも連携するなどして新たな予算を獲得して実現を目指す。極めて明るくなる彗星の出現が見込まれる場合は、これまでの経験と実績をもとに観測提案を行い、口径8-10m級望遠鏡に取り付けられている赤外線高分散分光器を用いたメタン重水素体の輝線検出も目指す。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (27 results)

All 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (8 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 8 results,  Open Access: 7 results) Presentation (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 19 results)

  • [Journal Article] Coma Abundances of Volatiles at Small Heliocentric Distances: Compositional Measurements of Long-period Comet C/2020 S3 (Erasmus)2023

    • Author(s)
      Ejeta Chemeda、Gibb Erika、Roth Nathan、DiSanti Michael A.、Dello Russo Neil、Saki Mohammad、McKay Adam J.、Kawakita Hideyo、Khan Younas、Bonev Boncho P.、Vervack Ronald J.、Combi Michael R.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 167 Issue: 1 Pages: 32-32

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/ad0e02

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The Return of the Rosetta Target: Keck Near-infrared Observations of Comet 67P/Churyumov?Gerasimenko in 20212023

    • Author(s)
      Bonev B. P.、Dello Russo N.、Kawakita H.、Vervack Jr. R. J.、DiSanti M. A.、Shinnaka Y.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 166 Issue: 6 Pages: 233-233

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/acee59

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Modeling of Ammonia in Comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)2023

    • Author(s)
      Kawakita Hideyo、Dello Russo Neil、Vervack Ronald J.、DiSanti Michael A.、Bonev Boncho P.、Kobayashi Hitomi、Boice Daniel C.、Shinnaka Yoshiharu
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 166 Issue: 5 Pages: 207-207

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/acfee7

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Comprehensive Study of the Chemical Composition and Spatial Outgassing Behavior of Hyperactive Comet 46P/Wirtanen Using Near-IR Spectroscopy during its Historic 2018 Apparition2023

    • Author(s)
      Khan Younas、Gibb Erika L.、Roth Nathan X.、DiSanti Michael A.、Dello Russo Neil、Bonev Boncho P.、Ejeta Chemeda T.、Saki Mohammad、Vervack Ronald J.、McKay Adam J.、Kawakita Hideyo、Combi Michael R.、Qasim Danna、Shou Yinsi
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 165 Issue: 6 Pages: 231-231

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/acc074

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Wavefront accuracy of mechanically assembled all-cordierite reflective optical system for cryogenic applications2023

    • Author(s)
      Sarugaku Yuki、Ikeda Yuji、Kobayashi Naoto、Kondo Sohei、Otsubo Shogo、Yasui Chikako、Kawakita Hideyo
    • Journal Title

      Applied Optics

      Volume: 62 Issue: 11 Pages: 2827-2834

    • DOI

      10.1364/ao.486773

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Volatile Abundances, Extended Coma Sources, and Nucleus Ice Associations in Comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)2022

    • Author(s)
      Dello Russo Neil、Vervack Ronald J.、Kawakita Hideyo、Bonev Boncho P.、DiSanti Michael A.、Gibb Erika L.、McKay Adam J.、Cochran Anita L.、Weaver Harold A.、Biver Nicolas、Crovisier Jacques、Bockel?e-Morvan Dominique、Kobayashi Hitomi、Harris Walter M.、Roth Nathan X.、Saki Mohammad、Khan Younas
    • Journal Title

      The Planetary Science Journal

      Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 6-6

    • DOI

      10.3847/psj/ac323c

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Chemical Composition of Outbursting Comet C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)2021

    • Author(s)
      Saki Mohammad、Gibb Erika L.、Bonev Boncho P.、Roth Nathan X.、DiSanti Michael A.、Khan Younas、Dello Russo Neil、Vervack Jr. Ronald J.、McKay Adam J.、Kawakita Hideyo
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 162 Issue: 4 Pages: 145-145

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/abfcbd

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Volatile Composition and Outgassing in C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto): Extending Limits for High-resolution Infrared Cometary Spectroscopy between 2.8 and 5.0 μm2021

    • Author(s)
      DiSanti Michael A.、Bonev Boncho P.、Dello Russo Neil、McKay Adam J.、Roth Nathan X.、Saki Mohammad、Gibb Erika L.、Vervack Jr. Ronald J.、Khan Younas、Kawakita Hideyo
    • Journal Title

      The Planetary Science Journal

      Volume: 2 Issue: 6 Pages: 225-225

    • DOI

      10.3847/psj/ac07ae

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Understanding Phosphorus Chemistry in Cometary Comae2023

    • Author(s)
      Boice, Daniel; de Almeida, Amaury A.; Kawakita, Hideyo; Kobayashi, Hitomi; Shinnaka, Yoshiharu
    • Organizer
      55th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Near Infrared Observation of comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) using iSHELL at NASA-IRTF2023

    • Author(s)
      Rai, Bebi; Bodewits, Dennis; Saki, Mohammad; DiSanti, Michael; Dello Russo, Neil; Faggi, Sara; Vervack, Ronald; Gibb, Erika; Khan, Younas; Ejeta, Chemeda; Kawakita, Hideyo; Roth, Nathan; Villanueva, Geronimo; McKay, Adam; Bonev, Boncho
    • Organizer
      55th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Pre-perihelion Near-infrared high-dispersion Spectroscopy of Comet C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) with Keck2/NIRSPEC2023

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi, Hitomi; Kawakita, Hideyo; Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald; DiSanti, Michael; Bonev, Boncho; Villanueva, Geronimo
    • Organizer
      55th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Characterizing the Native Ice Composition of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) with NIRSpec at Keck 22023

    • Author(s)
      DiSanti, Michael; Bonev, Boncho; Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald; Kawakita, Hideyo; Rai, Bebi; Gibb, Erika; Saki, Mohammad; Khan, Younas; Ejeta, Chemeda; Faggi, Sara; Roth, Nathan; Villanueva, Geronimo; McKay, Adam
    • Organizer
      55th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Compositional measurements as comet C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS) transitioned from hypervolatile to water-dominated activity2023

    • Author(s)
      Ejeta, Chemeda; Gibb, Erika; DiSanti, Michael; Kawakita, Hideyo; Dello Russo, Neil; Saki, Mohammad; Roth, Nathan; Vervack, Ronald; Khan, Younas; Bonev, Boncho; McKay, Adam; Feaga, Lori; Combi, Michael; Shou, Yinsi
    • Organizer
      55th Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Parent Volatiles in Jupiter-Family Comets: Insights and Open Questions from Recent Ground-Based Infrared Studies2023

    • Author(s)
      Bonev, B. P.; Dello Russo, N.; Gibb, E. L.; DiSanti, M. A.; Khan, Y.; Roth, N. X.; Faggi, S.; McKay, A. J.; Finley, C.; Saki, M.; Vervack, R. J.; Kawakita, H.; Shinnaka, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Villanueva, G. L.; Ootsubo, T.; Ejeta, C. T.
    • Organizer
      Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Characterizing the Native Ice Composition of Comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF) with NIRSPEC at Keck 22023

    • Author(s)
      DiSanti, M. A.; Bonev, B. P.; Dello Russo, N.; Vervack, R. J.; Kawakita, H.; Gibb, E. L.; Saki, M.; Rai, B.; Khan, Y.; Ejeta, C.; Roth, N. X.; Faggi, S.; Villanueva, G. L.; McKay, A. J.
    • Organizer
      Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Distributed Source of Ammonia in the Coma of Comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)2023

    • Author(s)
      Kawakita, H.; Dello Russo, N.; Vervack, R. J.; DiSanti, M. A.; Bonev, B. P.; Kobayashi, H.; Boice, D. C.; Shinnaka, Y.
    • Organizer
      Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Ground-Based Near-Infrared Chemical Characterization of the Rosetta Mission Target Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko During Its First Post-Rosetta Apparition2023

    • Author(s)
      Khan, Y.; Gibb, E.; Roth, N.; Bonev, B.; DiSanti, M.; Dello Russo, N.; Vervack, R.; McKay, A.; Saki, M.; Ejeta, C.; Kawakita, H.
    • Organizer
      Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Determining nucleus ice associations in comets through the spatial distribution of volatiles in the coma2022

    • Author(s)
      Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald; Kawakita, Hideyo; Bonev, Boncho; DiSanti, Michael; Gibb, Erika; McKay, Adam; Cochran, Anita; Roth, Nathaniel; Saki, Mohammad; Khan, Younas; Ejeta, Chemeda
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 54th Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Serial Observations of Volatiles in Jupiter-family Comet 19P/Borrelly around its 2022 Perihelion Passage2022

    • Author(s)
      DiSanti, Michael; Saki, Mohammad; Kawakita, Hideyo; Khan, Younas; Ejeta, Chemeda; Gibb, Erika; Dello Russo, Neil; Bonev, Boncho; Vervack, Ronald; Roth, Nathan; McKay, Adam
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 54th Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Coma Volatile Composition of Comet C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) at Heliocentric Distances 2.5-3.0 au2022

    • Author(s)
      Ejeta, Chemeda; Gibb, Erika; Khan, Younas; Roth, Nathan; DiSanti, Michael; Dello Russo, Neil; Saki, Mohammad; Bonev, Boncho; Vervack, Ronald; McKay, Adam J.; Combi, Michael; Kawakita, Hideyo; Shou, Yinsi; Feaga, Lori; Finley, Claire
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 54th Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Time-sensitive Keck/NIRSPEC observations of the Rosetta target 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during its favorable 2021 apparition2022

    • Author(s)
      Bonev, Boncho; Dello Russo, Neil; Kawakita, Hideyo; and 20 authors
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 54th Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] High-resolution, near-infrared observations of Rosetta target 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with NASA IRTF/iSHELL: Placing ground based and space-based measurements in context2022

    • Author(s)
      Gibb, Erika; Roth, Nathan; Khan, Younas; Saki, Mohammad; Bonev, Boncho; Ejeta, Chemeda; DiSanti, Michael; Kawakita, Hideyo; Cochran, Anita; Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald; McKay, Adam; Cordiner, Martin; Milam, Stefanie; Jehin, Emmanuel; Biver, Nicolas
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 54th Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Parent Volatile Composition of Jupiter Family Comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak as Measured with Keck NIRSPEC2022

    • Author(s)
      Finley, Claire; McKay, Adam; DiSanti, Michael; Roth, Nathaniel; Bonev, Boncho; Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald; Gibb, Erika; Saki, Mohammad; Khan, Younas; Ejeta, Chemeda; Kawakita, Hideyo; Keane, Jacqueline; O'Donoghue, James
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 54th Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] SolSysELTs2022 Part II: High-resolution Near-Infrared Spectra of Cometary Organics in Inner Coma2022

    • Author(s)
      Kawakita, Hideyo
    • Organizer
      Solar System Science with the ELT
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Chemical Composition and Spatial Profiles of Long-period Comet C/2020 S3 (Erasmus)2021

    • Author(s)
      Ejeta, Chemeda; Gibb, Erika; Roth, Nathan X.; Khan, Younas; Saki, Mohammad; Bonev, Boncho; Di Santi, Michael; Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald J., Jr.; McKay, Adam; Kawakita, Hideyo; Combi, Michael R
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 53rd Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Primary Volatile Composition of Comet 46P/Wirtanen During its Exceptional 2018 Apparition2021

    • Author(s)
      Khan, Younas; Gibb, Erika; Ejeta, Chemeda; Roth, Nathan; Dello Russo, Neil; Bonev, Boncho; Di Santi, Michael; Saki, Mohammad; McKay, Adam; Vervack, Ronald; Combi, Michael; Kawakita, Hideyo
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 53rd Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Volatile abundances, coma sources, and ice associations in the nucleus of comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)2021

    • Author(s)
      Dello Russo, Neil; Vervack, Ronald; Kawakita, Hideyo; Bonev, Boncho; Di Santi, Michael; Gibb, Erika; McKay, Adam; Cochran, Anita; Weaver, Harold; Biver, Nicolas; Crovisier, Jacques; Bockelee-Morvan, Dominique; Kobayashi, Hitomi; Harris, Walter; Roth, Nathan; Saki, Mohammad; Khan, Younas
    • Organizer
      American Astronomical Society, 53rd Annual DPS Meeting
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-06-20  

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