To elucidate formation process of martian moons

• Project/Area Number: 21H04514
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Medium-sized Section 17:Earth and planetary science and related fields
• Research Institution: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: 玄田 英典 東京工業大学, 地球生命研究所, 教授 (90456260)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 中村 智樹 東北大学, 理学研究科, 教授 (20260721) ; 兵頭 龍樹 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 国際トップヤングフェロー (20814693) ; 黒川 宏之 東京大学, 大学院総合文化研究科, 准教授 (80713643)
• Project Period (FY): 2021-04-05 – 2026-03-31
• Project Status: Granted (Fiscal Year 2024)
• Budget Amount: ¥41,730,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,630,000); Fiscal Year 2024: ¥8,190,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,890,000); Fiscal Year 2023: ¥8,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,980,000); Fiscal Year 2022: ¥8,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,980,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥8,190,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,890,000)
• Keywords: 衛星形成 / フォボス / ディモス / 近赤外スペクトル / MMX計画 / デイモス

Outline of Research at the Start

火星衛星の起源の解決を目指すため、まず、対立する2つの有力な仮説「衝突説」と「捕獲説」の両説において、その形成過程を理論研究によって明らかにし、その形成過程と火星圏環境を再現した実験を行い、火星衛星の模擬物質を作成する。そして、火星衛星探査機 (MMX)に搭載される近赤外分光計(MIRS)と同一の装置を用いて、火星衛星模擬物質の近赤外スペクトルを測定する。火星衛星フォボスのMIRSによる観測は、2025年夏頃に開始される。観測されたフォボスのスペクトルを実験室で作成した模擬物質の近赤外スペクトルと比較することによって、火星衛星の起源に強い制約を与える。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

火星衛星の起源の解決を目指すため、まず、対立する2つの有力な仮説「衝突説」と「捕獲説」の両説において、その形成過程を理論研究によって明らかにし、その形成過程と火星圏環境を再現した実験を行い、火星衛星の模擬物質を作成する。そして、火星衛星探査機 (MMX)に搭載される近赤外分光計(MIRS)と同一の装置を用いて、火星衛星模擬物質の近赤外スペクトルを測定する。火星衛星フォボスのMIRSによる観測は、2025年夏頃に開始される。観測されたフォボスのスペクトルを実験室で作成した模擬物質の近赤外スペクトルと比較することによって、火星衛星の起源に強い制約を与える。
本研究では、4つの研究計画から構成されており、2022年度は、以下の3つの研究計画を実行した。4つ目の研究計画は最終年度(2025年度)に実行する予定である。
<計画1> 火星衛星の形成過程に関する理論研究:「捕獲説」における、回転する原始火星大気の流れ場における捕獲プロセスをさまざまなパラメータにおいて計算できるモデルを構築した。 「衝突説」においては、衝突天体に氷を含む場合について検討を行った。また、「捕獲説」と「衝突説」から派生した「分裂説」と「転生説」についてそれぞれ理論的研究を行い、両者の説の実現性が低いことを明らかにし、論文２本にまとめた。
<計画2> 火星模擬物質の作成と宇宙風化の実験:衝突説を検証するため、昨年度に引き続き、火星円盤ダストの形成温度、 冷却率、酸素分圧を再現することのできるガス浮遊炉を用いて模擬物質を作成し、スペクトル測定を行った。また捕獲説を検証するため、昨年度に引き続き、含水C型、D型小惑星の構成物質である含水炭素質隕石 (CM、CR、Tagish Lakeの3種)に対して実験室で加熱実験を行い、スペクトル測定を行った。
<計画3> 火星衛星探査機MMXに搭載される近赤外分光計 (MIRS)の観測結果を理解するための合成スペクトルのモデルの構築を行った。

Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

順調に論文なども出版されているため。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

当初の計画通りに研究を推進する。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] パリ地球物理研究所/パリ天文台(フランス)
• [Int'l Joint Research] LESIA-Observatoire de Paris/Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris(フランス)
• [Journal Article] Experimentally Shock‐Induced Melt Veins in Basalt: Improving the Shock Classification of Eucrites (2023)
  • Author(s): Ono Haruka、Kurosawa Kosuke、Niihara Takafumi、Mikouchi Takashi、Tomioka Naotaka、Isa Junko、Kagi Hiroyuki、Matsuzaki Takuya、Sakuma Hiroshi、Genda Hidenori、Sakaiya Tatsuhiro、Kondo Tadashi、Kayama Masahiro、Koike Mizuho、Sano Yuji、Murayama Masafumi、Satake Wataru、Matsui Takafumi
  • Journal Title: Geophysical Research Letters Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-11
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022gl101009
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Exploring the Recycling Model of Phobos Formation: Rubble-pile Satellites* (2023)
  • Author(s): Madeira Gustavo、Charnoz Sabastien、et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astronomical Journal Volume: 165 Issue: 4 Pages: 161-161
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/acbf53
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Early Water Delivery to Terrestrial Planet Regions during the Stages of Jupiter’s Formation and Migration in the Grand Tack Model (2023)
  • Author(s): Ogihara Masahiro、Genda Hidenori、Sekine Yasuhito
  • Journal Title: The Planetary Science Journal Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Pages: 32-32
  • DOI: 10.3847/psj/acb64b
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples (2023)
  • Author(s): Nakamura T.、Matsumoto M.、Amano K.、Enokido Y.、Zolensky M. E.、Mikouchi T.、Genda H.、Tanaka S.、Zolotov M. Y.、Kurosawa K. .. Yabuta H. ... et al.
  • Journal Title: Science Volume: 379 Issue: 6634 Pages: 8671-8671
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8671
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Effect of Impact Velocity and Angle on Deformational Heating and Postimpact Temperature (2022)
  • Author(s): Wakita S.、Genda H.、Kurosawa K.、Davison T. M.、Johnson B. C.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Volume: 127 Issue: 8
  • DOI: 10.1029/2022je007266
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Challenges in forming Phobos and Deimos directly from a splitting of an ancestor single moon (2022)
  • Author(s): Hyodo, R., Genda, H., Sekiguchi, R., Madeira, G., Charnoz, S.
  • Journal Title: The Planetary Science Journal Volume: 3 Issue: 8 Pages: 204-204
  • DOI: 10.3847/psj/ac88d2
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Shock Recovery With Decaying Compressive Pulses: Shock Effects in Calcite (CaCO3) Around the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (2022)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa Kosuke、Ono Haruka、Niihara Takafumi、Sakaiya Tatsuhiro、Kondo Tadashi、Tomioka Naotaka、Mikouchi Takashi、Genda Hidenori、Matsuzaki Takuya、Kayama Masahiro、Koike Mizuho、Sano Yuji、Murayama Masafumi、Satake Wataru、Matsui Takafumi
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Volume: 127 Issue: 6
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021je007133
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Giant impact onto a Vesta-like asteroid and formation of mesosiderites through mixing of metallic core and surface crust (2022)
  • Author(s): Sugiura Keisuke、Haba Makiko K.、Genda Hidenori
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 379 Pages: 114949-114949
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2022.114949
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Geoelectrochemistry-driven alteration of amino acids to derivative organics in carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies (2022)
  • Author(s): Li Yamei、Kitadai Norio、Sekine Yasuhito、Kurokawa Hiroyuki、Nakano Yuko、Johnson-Finn Kristin
  • Journal Title: Nature Communications Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-14
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32596-3
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks (2022)
  • Author(s): Kuwahara Ayumu、Kurokawa Hiroyuki、Tanigawa Takayuki、Ida Shigeru
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume: 665 Pages: A122-A122
  • DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243849
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The origin of Earth’s mantle nitrogen: primordial or early biogeochemical cycling? (2022)
  • Author(s): H. Kurokawa, M. Laneuville, Y. Li, N. Zhang, Y. Fujii, H. Sakuraba, C. Houser, H. J. Cleaves II
  • Journal Title: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Volume: 1 Issue: 5
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021gc010295
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Large planets may not form fractionally large moons (2022)
  • Author(s): Nakajima Miki、Genda Hidenori、Asphaug Erik、Ida Shigeru
  • Journal Title: Nature Communications Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 568-568
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28063-8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Martian moons exploration MMX: sample return mission to Phobos elucidating formation processes of habitable planets (2022)
  • Author(s): Kuramoto Kiyoshi et al.
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 74 Issue: 1 Pages: 12-12
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-021-01545-7
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Can we constrain the origin of Mars' recurring slope lineae using atmospheric observations? (2022)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa Hiroyuki、Kuroda Takeshi、Aoki Shohei、Nakagawa Hiromu
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 371 Pages: 114688-114688
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114688
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth (2022)
  • Author(s): Tachibana S.、Abe M. et al.
  • Journal Title: Science Volume: 375 Issue: 6584 Pages: 1011-1016
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.abj8624
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] MIRS: an imaging spectrometer for the MMX mission (2021)
  • Author(s): Barucci Maria Antonietta、Reess Jean-Michel、Bernardi Pernelle、Doressoundiram Alain、Fornasier Sonia、Le Du Michel、Iwata Takahiro、Nakagawa Hiromu et al.
  • Journal Title: Earth, Planets and Space Volume: 73 Issue: 1 Pages: 211-211
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40623-021-01423-2
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Onset of a Globally Ice‐Covered State for a Land Planet (2021)
  • Author(s): Kodama T.、Genda H.、Leconte J.、Abe‐Ouchi A.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Volume: 126 Issue: 12
  • DOI: 10.1029/2021je006975
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Numerous chondritic impactors and oxidized magma ocean set Earth’s volatile depletion (2021)
  • Author(s): Sakuraba Haruka、Kurokawa Hiroyuki、Genda Hidenori、Ohta Kenji
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 20894-20894
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99240-w
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Tidal Evolution of the Eccentric Moon around Dwarf Planet (225088) Gonggong (2021)
  • Author(s): Arakawa Sota、Hyodo Ryuki、Shoji Daigo、Genda Hidenori
  • Journal Title: The Astronomical Journal Volume: 162 Issue: 6 Pages: 226-226
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac1f91
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] SPH simulations for shape deformation of rubble-pile asteroids through spinup: The challenge for making top-shaped asteroids Ryugu and Bennu (2021)
  • Author(s): Sugiura Keisuke、Kobayashi Hiroshi、Watanabe Sei-ichiro、Genda Hidenori、Hyodo Ryuki、Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 365 Pages: 114505-114505
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114505
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Erosion and Accretion by Cratering Impacts on Rocky and Icy Bodies (2021)
  • Author(s): Hyodo Ryuki、Genda Hidenori
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 913 Issue: 2 Pages: 77-77
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf6d8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Mars’ atmospheric neon suggests volatile-rich primitive mantle (2021)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa Hiroyuki、Miura Yayoi N.、Sugita Seiji、Cho Yuichiro、Leblanc Francois、Terada Naoki、Nakagawa Hiromu
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 370 Pages: 114685-114685
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114685
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Treasure Box from Phobos (2023)
  • Author(s): Genda, H.
  • Organizer: The 82nd Fujihara Seminar
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Numerical simulations for formation and evolution of Ryugu parent body (2022)
  • Author(s): Genda, H., Kurosawa, K., Wakita, S., Hyodo, R., and Sugiura, K.
  • Organizer: Hayabusa2 return sample analysis science meeting
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ESSE MMX による初期太陽系における物質輸送過程の解明 (2022)
  • Author(s): 玄田英典、臼井寛裕、中村智樹、兵頭龍樹、黒川宏之、藤谷渉、Sebastian Charnoz、 MMX-ESSE メンバー
  • Organizer: 第66回宇宙科学技術連合講演会
• [Presentation] 火星衛星の起源におけるフォボス・ディモス分裂説の検討 (2022)
  • Author(s): 玄田英典、兵頭龍樹、関口凌介、G. Madeira、S. Charnoz
  • Organizer: 日本惑星科学会 2022年秋季講演会
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Formation of Earth and Its Early Evolution (2022)
  • Author(s): Genda, H.
  • Organizer: The 10th ELSI International Symposium
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Shock recovery of rocks with a variety of shock-induced pressure at a single shot (2021)
  • Author(s): Ono, H., K. Kurosawa, T. Niihara, T. Mikouchi, H. Genda, N. Tomioka, T. Sakaiya, T. Kondo, M. Kayama, M. Koike, Y. Sano, W. Satake, and T. Matsui
  • Organizer: 15th Europlanet Science Congress
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Erosion and accretion by cratering impacts on rocky and icy bodies: Formulation of scaling relations for high-speed ejecta (2021)
  • Author(s): Genda, H., and Hyodo, R.
  • Organizer: 15th Europlanet Science Congress
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Shock recovery of macro blocks of rocky materials with decaying shock waves (2021)
  • Author(s): Kurosawa, K., H. Ono, T. Niihara, T. Mikouchi, T. Sakaiya, T. Kondo, N. Tomioka, H. Genda, T. Tada, R. Tada, M. Kayama, M. Koike, Y. Sano, T. Matsuzaki, M. Murayama, W. Satake, T. Okamoto, and T. Matsui
  • Organizer: 84th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 後期集積の現状理解 (2021)
  • Author(s): 玄田英典
  • Organizer: 第23回惑星圏研究会
  • Invited