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Positive energy theorem and its application to cosmology

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K03551
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 15010:Theoretical studies related to particle-, nuclear-, cosmic ray and astro-physics
Research InstitutionNagoya University

Principal Investigator

Shiromizu Tetsuya  名古屋大学, 多元数理科学研究科, 教授 (10282716)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2025-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥390,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥90,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥130,000 (Direct Cost: ¥100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥30,000)
Keywords時空の安定性 / 正エネルギー定理 / 加速膨張 / 重力理論 / ブラックホール / 正質量定理 / Penrose不等式 / 捕捉面 / 加速膨張宇宙 / 無限遠方 / 高次元時空 / 重力場 / ペンローズ不等式 / 宇宙の加速膨張 / 角運動量 / 一般相対論 / ダークエネルギー
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究では時空の安定性を保証する正エネルギー定理、特に数学的に難解とされるSchoen&Yauらによる証明に焦点をあて、宇宙論への応用を念頭に証明の改変、拡張を行う。また、時空の安定性を保証するダークエネルギーモデル/重力理論の峻別を行う。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we focused on area inequalities for loosely trapped surfaces (LTS) in strong gravitational fields and their extension to so-called attractive gravity probe surfaces (AGPS) in weak-field regimes. The most significant achievement was the clarification of the relation between the existence of such surfaces and the positivity of quasi-local mass (Hawking/Geroch mass). Furthermore, in the process of proving inequalities for AGPSs that take into account gravitational waves, angular momentum, and other factors, we were inspired somewhat by chance—to apply the same considerations to accelerating expanding universes. This led to an investigation of upper bounds on black hole areas, which is relevant to understanding the nature of accelerating cosmologies.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

正エネルギー定理は時空の安定性を保証する。私たちの住む世界はなぜ安定なのか、その答えを与える。この問いは宇宙の誕生自体に関わる謎と直結する。本研究では、我々が提案した緩捕捉面や重力検知面の存在が、時空の正エネルギー性と密接に関係があることがわかった。すなわち、それらの面の存在を証明することができれば、時空の安定性に示唆を与えることを意味する。これらの面が準局所的な幾何学対象であることを考慮すると、加速膨張宇宙などを含むより広いクラスの時空やダークエネルギー理論/重力理論の解明に繋がることが期待される。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2024 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2023 Research-status Report
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (24 results)

All 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Other

All Journal Article (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Peer Reviewed: 19 results,  Open Access: 18 results) Presentation (4 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Invited: 3 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] A generalization of photon sphere based on escape/capture cone2024

    • Author(s)
      Amo Masaya、Izumi Keisuke、Yoshino Hirotaka、Tomikawa Yoshimune、Shiromizu Tetsuya
    • Journal Title

      The European Physical Journal C

      Volume: 84 Issue: 6 Pages: 638-638

    • DOI

      10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12954-9

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Loosely Trapped Surface for Slowly Rotating Black Hole2024

    • Author(s)
      Izumi Keisuke、Shiromizu Tetsuya、Yoshida Daisuke、Tomikawa Yoshimune、Yoshino Hirotaka
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2024 Issue: 11

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptae158

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Attractive gravity probe surface in the Einstein-Maxwell system2024

    • Author(s)
      Lee Kangjae、Izumi Keisuke、Shiromizu Tetsuya、Yoshino Hirotaka、Tomikawa Yoshimune
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 110 Issue: 12 Pages: 124051-124051

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.110.124051

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Attractive gravity probe surfaces in higher dimensions2023

    • Author(s)
      Izumi Keisuke、Tomikawa Yoshimune、Shiromizu Tetsuya、Yoshino Hirotaka
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-20

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptad046

    • Related Report
      2023 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics near future null infinity. IV. Null-access theorem for generic asymptotically flat spacetime2023

    • Author(s)
      Masaya Amo、Keisuke Izumi、Yoshimune Tomikawa、Tetsuya Shiromizu、Hirotaka Yoshino
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 107 Issue: 12 Pages: 124050-124050

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.107.124050

    • Related Report
      2023 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Attractive gravity probe surface with positive cosmological constant2023

    • Author(s)
      Shiromizu Tetsuya、Izumi Keisuke
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2023 Issue: 10 Pages: 1-14

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptad119

    • Related Report
      2023 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Attractive gravity probe surface, positivity of quasi-local mass, and Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass expression2023

    • Author(s)
      Shiromizu Tetsuya、Izumi Keisuke
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2024 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptad159

    • Related Report
      2023 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The positive mass theorem in Kaluza?Klein picture2022

    • Author(s)
      Shiromizu Tetsuya、Soligon Diego
    • Journal Title

      The European Physical Journal Plus

      Volume: 137 Issue: 9 Pages: 1037-1037

    • DOI

      10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03245-x

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Brane dynamics of holographic BCFTs2022

    • Author(s)
      Izumi Keisuke、Shiromizu Tetsuya、Suzuki Kenta、Takayanagi Tadashi、Tanahashi Norihiro
    • Journal Title

      Journal of High Energy Physics

      Volume: 2022 Issue: 10 Pages: 1-50

    • DOI

      10.1007/jhep10(2022)050

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Four types of attractive gravity probe surfaces2022

    • Author(s)
      Lee Kangjae、Shiromizu Tetsuya、Izumi Keisuke、Yoshino Hirotaka、Tomikawa Yoshimune
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 106 Issue: 6 Pages: 064028-064028

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.106.064028

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Maximum size of black holes in our accelerating Universe2022

    • Author(s)
      Shiromizu Tetsuya、Izumi Keisuke、Lee Kangjae、Soligon Diego
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 106 Issue: 8 Pages: 084014-084014

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.106.084014

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics near future null infinity. III. Photons towards inward directions2022

    • Author(s)
      Amo Masaya、Izumi Keisuke、Tomikawa Yoshimune、Yoshino Hirotaka、Shiromizu Tetsuya
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 106 Issue: 8 Pages: 084007-084007

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.106.084007

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics near future null infinity II: curvatures, photon surface and dynamically transversely trapping surface2022

    • Author(s)
      Masaya Amo, Tetsuya Shiromizu, Keisuke Izumi, Hirotaka Yoshino, Yoshimune Tomikawa
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 105 Issue: 6 Pages: 064074-064074

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.105.064074

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Refined inequalities for a loosely trapped surface and attractive gravity probe surface2022

    • Author(s)
      Lee Kangjae、Shiromizu Tetsuya、Izumi Keisuke
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 105 Issue: 4 Pages: 044037-044037

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.105.044037

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Area bound for surfaces in generic gravitational field2021

    • Author(s)
      Keisuke Izumi, Yoshimune Tomikawa, Tetsuya Shiromizu, Hirotaka Yoshino
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2021 Issue: 8 Pages: 1-28

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptab089

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Holographic entanglement entropy of a de Sitter braneworld with Lovelock terms2021

    • Author(s)
      Kushihara Kouki、Izumi Keisuke、Shiromizu Tetsuya
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2021 Issue: 4

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptab038

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics near future null infinity: Significance of gravitational waves2021

    • Author(s)
      Masaya Amo, Keisuke Izumi, Yoshimune Tomikawa, Hirotaka Yoshino, Tetsuya Shiromizu
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 104 Issue: 6 Pages: 064025-064025

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.104.064025

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Divergence equations and uniqueness theorem of static spacetimes with conformal scalar hair2021

    • Author(s)
      Shinohara Takeshi、Tomikawa Yoshimune、Izumi Keisuke、Shiromizu Tetsuya
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2021 Issue: 9

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptab107

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Uniqueness of static spacetime with conformal scalar in higher dimensions2021

    • Author(s)
      Izumi Keisuke、Tomikawa Yoshimune、Shiromizu Tetsuya
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 104 Issue: 10 Pages: 104025-104025

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.104.104025

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 正質量定理と宇宙2025

    • Author(s)
      白水徹也
    • Organizer
      Encounter with Mathematics, 第79回アインシュタイン方程式ー幾何学と物理学の邂逅ー
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] deSitter時空あれこれ2024

    • Author(s)
      白水徹也
    • Organizer
      研究会「理論で迫るブラックホール宇宙と時空特異点」
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 時空の分解とその応用2024

    • Author(s)
      白水徹也
    • Organizer
      原子核三者若手夏の学校
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Asymptotic behavior of null geodesics near null infinity2022

    • Author(s)
      白水徹也
    • Organizer
      Fundamental aspects of gravity
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Remarks] 研究内容「最近の研究より」

    • URL

      https://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~shiromizu/research.html

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report

URL: 

Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2026-01-16  

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