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Observational Estimates of Magnetic Fields inside Neutron Stars

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K03624
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Makishima Kazuo  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 名誉教授 (20126163)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Keywords中性子星 / マグネター / 宇宙X線 / 磁場進化 / パルス位相変調 / トロイダル磁場 / 磁場 / 自由歳差運動 / X線 / ガンマ線連星 / X線 / 宇宙X線
Outline of Research at the Start

マグネターと呼ばれる一群の中性子星は、強烈な磁場をエネルギー源としてX線を放射すると考えらえる。我々は3例のマグネターで、その自転パルスの位相が、パルス周期より4桁ほど長い周期で進み遅れする「位相変調」現象を発見した。これは部の強い磁場の応力で星がわずかに縦長に変形し、自由歳差運動が起きた結果と解釈できる。本研究では、「すざく」衛星および米国 NuSTAR衛星の公開データを用い、約10天体のマグネターから同様な位相変調を検出することで、それらの内部磁場の強さを観測的に推定するという、世界初の試みに挑戦する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Using archival data from Japanese cosmic X-ray satellites, such as ASCA and Suzaku, we performed timing studies of magnetars (a special type of neutron stars). Then, in seven magnetars, the rotational pulses were found to suffer phase modulation, at a period that is 4 orders of magnitude longer than the pulse period. This can be explained as a manifestation of free precession, when the star is axially deformed due to extremely intense toroidal magnetic fields, reaching 10^{16} Gauss, hidden inside it. When the estimated toroidal field strengths of the 7 object are divided by their dipole magnetic field strengths, the ratio was found to increase toward older objects. This means that the toroidal magnetic field, invisible from outside, lasts longer than the dipole field extending outside the stars. The result can naturally explain the presence of some classes of known neutron stars, which are regarded as aged magnetars.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

我々の結果は、宇宙でおそらく最強の磁場を発見したことを意味する。10の16乗ガウスのトロイダル磁場の存在は、いくつかの傍証から示唆されてはいたものの、その観測的検証に挑んだ研究は、我々の知る限り皆無である。我々が得たパルス位相変調という手掛かりは、データの詳細解析と基礎物理学を通じて到達したものであり、何らかの理論予測に導かれたものではなく、外国の後追いでもない。用いたデータがおもに日本の科学衛星が取得したものであることも鑑みると、本研究の成果はは掛け値なしに100パーセント「日本オリジナル」なものであると自負できる。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (28 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (10 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Open Access: 6 results,  Peer Reviewed: 9 results) Presentation (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results) Book (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Discovery of the Free Precession in the Magnetar SGR 1806-20 with the ASCA GIS2024

    • Author(s)
      Makishima, K., Uchida, N., Enoto, T.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 76

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Novel Clues to the Physics of Magnetars as Probed with Detailed Pulse-Timing Studies2023

    • Author(s)
      Makishima, K.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

      Volume: 136 Issue: S363 Pages: 267-270

    • DOI

      10.1017/s1743921322000473

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report 2022 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Further Evidence for the 9 s Pulsation in LS 5039 from NuSTAR and ASCA2023

    • Author(s)
      Makishima, K., Uchida, N., Yoneda, H., Enoto, T., Takahashi, T.
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 959 Issue: 2 Pages: 79-79

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ad0bdf

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Frontiers in accretion physics at high X-ray spectral resolution2022

    • Author(s)
      Ghandi, P. and 11 co-authors (including Makishima, K.)
    • Journal Title

      Nature Astronomy

      Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Pages: 1364-1375

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41550-022-01857-y

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Novel Clues to the Physics of Magnetars as Probed with Detailed Pulse-Timing Studies2022

    • Author(s)
      Makishima, K.
    • Journal Title

      International Astronomical Union Proceedings Series

      Volume: 363

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A NuSTAR confirmation of the 36 ks hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation in the magnetar 1E 1547.0-54082021

    • Author(s)
      Makishima K., Enoto T., Yoneda H., Odaka H.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 502 Issue: 2 Pages: 2266-2284

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stab149

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Broadband High-energy Emission of the Gamma-Ray Binary System LS 5039: Spectral and Temporal Features Using NuSTAR and Fermi Observations2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoneda Hiroki、Khangulyan Dmitry、Enoto Teruaki、Makishima Kazuo、Mine Kairi、Mizuno Tsunefumi、Takahashi Tadayuki
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 917 Issue: 2 Pages: 90-90

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac0ae1

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A study of the accretion mechanisms of the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J00370+61222021

    • Author(s)
      Nagomi Uchida
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 73 Issue: 5 Pages: 1389-1404

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psab083

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of a strong 6.6 keV emission feature from EXO 1745-248 after the superburst in 2011 October2021

    • Author(s)
      Iwakiri Wataru B、Serino Motoko、Mihara Tatehiro、Gu Liyi、Yamaguchi Hiroya、Shidatsu Megumi、Makishima Kazuo
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 73 Issue: 5 Pages: 1405-1417

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psab085

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of 41 ks hard X-ray Pulse-Phase Modulations from SGR 1900+142021

    • Author(s)
      Kazuo Makishima, Tsubasa Tamba, Yuki Aizawa, Hirokazu Odaka, Hiroki Yoneda, Teruaki Enoto, Hiromasa Suzuki
    • Journal Title

      PASJ

      Volume: 923 Issue: 1 Pages: 63-63

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac28fd

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] ガンマ線連星LS 5039:「あすか」データによる9 秒パルスの確認2023

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫, 内田和海, 榎戸輝揚
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2023年春季年会(立教大学)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report 2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] New Observational Results on Magnetars2023

    • Author(s)
      Makishima, K., Uchida, N.
    • Organizer
      2023 Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting (Kohriyama, August 7-11)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] マグネター内部磁場の強度とその進化の観測的推定2023

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫, 内田和海, 榎戸輝揚
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会2023年秋季年会(東北大学)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Evolution of Magnetic Fields of Magnetars (MGTs) Inferred from Observations2023

    • Author(s)
      Makishima, K.
    • Organizer
      中性子星の観測と理論-研究活性化ワークショップ 2023 (京都大学、9/7-9/8)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ガンマ線連星 LS5039からの~9秒パルスの検出 (ポスター)2023

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫
    • Organizer
      高エネルギー宇宙物理学研究会 (東京大学本郷、11/27-11/29)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] マグネターの磁気変形とトロイダル磁場:観測結果の中間まとめ2022

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫, 内田和海, 榎戸輝揚
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会(新潟大学、ハイブリッド)
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] マグネターSGR 1806-20 の長期観測2022

    • Author(s)
      内田和海, 山崎典子, 牧島一夫
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会(新潟大学、ハイブリッド)
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] X線観測から迫るマグネターのトロイダル磁場の長期変化2022

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫、内田和海、榎戸輝揚、丹波翼、鈴木寛大
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年春季年会(オンライン、3月1日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 観測から見えて来たマグネター内部磁場の進化2022

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫、内田和海
    • Organizer
      第21回高エネルギー宇宙物理連絡会研究会 (大阪大学+オンライン、3月11日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Directly Estimating the Toroidal Magnetic Fields of Magnetars2021

    • Author(s)
      MAKISHIMA, Kazuo
    • Organizer
      European Astronomical Society Annual Meeting (オンライン、6月28日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 硬X線パルスの位相変調から探るマグネターの物理2021

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫
    • Organizer
      中性子星の観測と理論-研究活性化ワークショップ 2021 (オンライン、8月11日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] マグネター SGR 1900+14の硬X線パルス位相変調:エネルギー依存性の発見2021

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫、丹波 翼、會澤優輝、小高裕和、米田浩基、榎戸輝揚
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2021年秋季年会(オンライン、9月15日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Evolution of Galaxies Driven by the Intra-Cluster Plasma2021

    • Author(s)
      MAKISHIMA, Kazuo
    • Organizer
      5th Asia Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics (オンライン、9月28日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Magnetic Reconnection as a Key Phenomenon in Cluster of Galaxies ~ a Grand Scenario ~2021

    • Author(s)
      MAKISHIMA, Kazuo
    • Organizer
      Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares and Plasma Universe (オンラン、11月17日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Novel Clues to the Physics of Magnetars as Probed with Detailed Pulse-Timing Studies2021

    • Author(s)
      MAKISHIMA, Kazuo
    • Organizer
      IAU Symposium 363: Neutron Stars Astrophysics at the Crossroads (オンライン, 12月1日)
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Book] 目からウロコの物理学2:フーリエ解析・量子力学2024

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫
    • Total Pages
      218
    • Publisher
      東京大学出版会
    • ISBN
      9784130626255
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 目からウロコの物理学3:相対論2024

    • Author(s)
      牧島一夫
    • Total Pages
      155
    • Publisher
      東京大学出版会
    • ISBN
      9784130626262
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 目からウロコの物理学12022

    • Author(s)
      牧島 一夫
    • Total Pages
      400
    • Publisher
      東京大学出版会
    • ISBN
      9784130626248
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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