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Evolution of early-Earth atmophere with reduced chemical compositions

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K03638
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 17010:Space and planetary sciences-related
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

Kuramoto Kiyoshi  北海道大学, 理学研究院, 教授 (50311519)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Keywords原始地球大気 / 水素 / メタン / 水 / 流体力学的散逸 / 大気光化学 / 有機物 / 大気進化 / 初期地球 / 還元型原始大気 / 大気散逸 / 光化学 / 進化 / 酸化 / 炭化水素 / 重合 / 原始大気 / 原始海洋 / マグマオーシャン / アンモニア / 化学進化
Outline of Research at the Start

地球材料物質組成の宇宙化学的制約と、厳密な大気散逸モデル計算から予想される、還元的な化学組成を持つ原始地球大気の質量、組成、熱構造とそれらの進化を明らかにする。多成分大気の流体力学的散逸過程をシミュレートし、後期隕石重爆撃による物質フラックスやマントルからの脱ガスを加味しつつ、大気進化経路を推定する。大気進化過程における高分子有機物の光化学生成量を求め、生命前駆有機物質の生成場としての還元的原始地球大気の役割を評価する。さらに、系外惑星観測の進展をにらみ、新しい原始大気の構造・進化の理論を系外惑星に適用し、これらの天体の特徴付け観測の予測を行って、将来の検証に役立てる。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Thermodynamic calculations using the elemental composition of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu samples reveal that hydrogen is thermally released at high yields even from carbonaceous meteorite-like compositions, which are the most oxidizing among Earth material materials. The formation of a hydrogen-rich proto-atmosphere is considered to have been inevitable on Earth. Hydrodynamic escape of hydrogen and atmospheric photochemical processes driven by the short-wavelength component of solar radiation were carefully simulated numerically. The results revealed that radiative cooling of CH4, H2O, and their photolysis products slows down the hydrogen loss that requires atmospheric heating and that organic molecules photochemically generated from CH4 shield solar UV light and inhibit the photolysis of H2O, preventing the production of O atoms and OH radicals that serve as oxidants, thereby self-promoting organic polymerization.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究成果は、長期持続する還元的原始大気において、大量の水溶性有機物と不溶性有機物凝縮相の生産が起き、生命誕生に至る化学進化の場を地球表層に全球規模でもたらした可能性を示唆している。これまでは、還元的な原始大気からは速やかに水素が流失してしまい、原始大気における有機分子の生成は起きても限定的とする考えが主流だった。本研究は、地球上での生命の起源という、一般市民の関心も惹きつける重要な未解決問題に対し、理論的裏付けをもった斬新な化学進化の場の描像を提供した。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (16 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 4 results,  Peer Reviewed: 6 results,  Open Access: 5 results) Presentation (10 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results)

  • [Journal Article] Origin of Phobos and Deimos Awaiting Direct Exploration2024

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Kiyoshi
    • Journal Title

      Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

      Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Pages: 495-519

    • DOI

      10.1146/annurev-earth-040522-110615

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Dependence of the Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Structure of the Lower Atmosphere of Venus on the Thermodynamic Model2024

    • Author(s)
      TAKAHASHI Yoshiyuki O.、HAYASHI Yoshi-Yuki、HASHIMOTO George L.、KURAMOTO Kiyoshi、ISHIWATARI Masaki、KASHIMURA Hiroki
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II

      Volume: 102 Issue: 1 Pages: 5-16

    • DOI

      10.2151/jmsj.2024-001

    • ISSN
      0026-1165, 2186-9057
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Development of a Line-by-Line and a Correlated <i>k</i>-Distribution Radiation Models for Planetary Atmospheres2023

    • Author(s)
      TAKAHASHI Yoshiyuki O.、HAYASHI Yoshi-Yuki、HASHIMOTO George L.、KURAMOTO Kiyoshi、ISHIWATARI Masaki
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II

      Volume: 101 Issue: 1 Pages: 39-66

    • DOI

      10.2151/jmsj.2023-003

    • ISSN
      0026-1165, 2186-9057
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Less Effective Hydrodynamic Escape of H2-H2O Atmospheres on Terrestrial Planets Orbiting Pre-main-sequence M Dwarfs2022

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Tatsuya、Terada Naoki、Ikoma Masahiro、Kuramoto Kiyoshi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 934 Issue: 2 Pages: 137-137

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac7be7

    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Martian moons exploration MMX: sample return mission to Phobos elucidating formation processes of habitable planets2022

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Kiyoshi et al.
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 74 Issue: 1 Pages: 12-12

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-021-01545-7

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Hydrodynamic escape of an impact-generated reduced proto-atmosphere on Earth2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Tatsuya、Kuramoto Kiyoshi
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 505 Issue: 2 Pages: 2941-2953

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stab1471

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] UV shielding by hydrocarbons in an early reduced Earth's atmosphere2023

    • Author(s)
      吉田 辰哉、小山 俊吾、中村 勇貴、寺田 直樹、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 還元的初期地球大気の光化学的進化2023

    • Author(s)
      吉田 辰哉、小山 俊吾、中村 勇貴、寺田 直樹、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本惑星科学会2023年秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Hydrodynamic escape of H2-H2O atmospheres on terrestrial planets orbiting pre-main sequence M dwarfs2022

    • Author(s)
      吉田 辰哉、寺田 直樹、生駒 大洋、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 原始地球大気海洋系での NH3 の持続時間2022

    • Author(s)
      有馬 銀河、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本惑星科学会2022年秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 原始火星マントル・コアに分配される揮発性成分2022

    • Author(s)
      齊藤 大晶、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本惑星科学会2022年秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] M 型矮星ハビタブルゾーン内に存在する GJ832c は水素大気を持つか2022

    • Author(s)
      長野 剛流、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本惑星科学会2022年秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Hydrodynamic escape of reduced proto-atmospheres: different consequences for surface volatile inventories between Mars and Earth2021

    • Author(s)
      吉田 辰哉、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 原始地球におけるアンモニアの海洋への貯蔵と大気海洋系の熱的安定性2021

    • Author(s)
      有馬 銀河、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合大会2021
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 火星サイズの原始惑星内部に分配される揮発性成分量2021

    • Author(s)
      齊藤 大晶、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本惑星科学会2021年秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 原始地球における NH3 の海洋への貯蔵と大気海洋系での熱的安定性2021

    • Author(s)
      有馬 銀河、倉本 圭
    • Organizer
      日本惑星科学会2021年秋季講演会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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