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A study on the molecular mechanisms of bitter taste sense in livestock animals

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K14957
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related
Research InstitutionIbaraki University

Principal Investigator

YOSHIDA YUTA  茨城大学, 農学部, 助教 (00875023)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Keywords苦味受容体 / ウズラ / ニワトリ / ヨーロッパウズラ / 味覚 / 畜産動物
Outline of Research at the Start

脊椎動物において、苦味受容体遺伝子数、並びに塩基配列は、動物種間・種内で非常に高い多様性を示すことが知られている。畜産動物は多様な食性を有し、育種改良の結果、多くの品種が作出されているが、畜産動物の苦味受容体の機能的多様性は良く理解されていない。そこで、本研究では畜産動物の苦味受容体発現細胞を用いた評価系を構築し、畜産動物が感じる苦味成分のレパートリーや苦味感受性の差異を明らかにする。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In this study, we compared the bitter taste sensing profiles of chickens and quails. Behavioral analysis revealed that chickens showed the behavioral aversion to multiple bitter substances, while quails didn’t show any aversion to the bitter substances, such as quinine. Quails have taste bud-like organs in their oral cavity, and one of the bitter taste receptor genes, T2R7 was primarily expressed in their oral cavity. Compared to the chickens, the amino acid residues related to the binding of bitter substances in the bitter taste receptor T2R7 were largely mutated in the quails. Cell-based assay revealed that the responsiveness of the quail T2R7 was lower compared to the chicken T2R7. These results suggested that low sensitivity to bitter taste substances in the quails partly related to the low responsiveness of the quail T2R7.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

食品残渣を活用したエコフィードにおいて、主に植物由来の飼料材料には苦味物質などの忌避成分が含まれる場合がある。本研究で分子基盤の一端を明らかにしたウズラが苦味を忌避しない性質を利用して、苦味を有する未活用の飼料材料の積極的活用が期待できる。渡りを行うヨーロッパウズラの肉には毒があり、毒を持つ種子の摂取が原因とされる。他の動物が食べない苦い毒物を食べられることが進化の過程で生存に有利に働いたのかもしれない。本研究はキジ目の鳥類の進化生態学にも新たな洞察を与える可能性がある。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (7 results)

All 2024 2023 2021

All Journal Article (6 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 6 results,  Open Access: 4 results) Presentation (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Characterization of taste sensitivities to amino acids and sugars by conditioned taste aversion learning in chickens2024

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Yuta、Fujishiro Shu、Kawai Ryota、Kawabata Fuminori
    • Journal Title

      animal

      Volume: 18 Issue: 2 Pages: 101050-101050

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.animal.2023.101050

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The umami receptor T1R1?T1R3 heterodimer is rarely formed in chickens2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Yuta、Kawabata Fuminori、Nishimura Shotaro、Tabata Shoji
    • Journal Title

      Scientific Reports

      Volume: 11 Issue: 1 Pages: 12318-12318

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41598-021-91728-9

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Chicken taste receptors and perception: recent advances in our understanding of poultry nutrient-sensing systems2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Yuta、Nishimura Shotaro、Tabata Shoji、Kawabata Fuminori
    • Journal Title

      World's Poultry Science Journal

      Volume: 78 Issue: 1 Pages: 5-20

    • DOI

      10.1080/00439339.2022.2007437

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Subchronic and mild social defeat stress downregulates peripheral expression of sweet and umami taste receptors in male mice2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Yuta、Miyazaki Misa、Yajima Yuhei、Toyoda Atsushi
    • Journal Title

      Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

      Volume: 579 Pages: 116-121

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.063

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Overlapping distributions of mammalian types I, II, and III taste cell markers in chicken taste buds2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Yuta、Kawabata Fuminori、Nishimura Shotaro、Tabata Shoji
    • Journal Title

      Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

      Volume: 570 Pages: 162-168

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.07.025

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Evolvement of taste sensitivity and taste buds in chickens during selective breeding2021

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida Yuta、Kawabata Fuminori、Tabata Shoji、Aggrey Samuel E.、Rekaya Romdhane、Liu Hong-Xiang
    • Journal Title

      Poultry Science

      Volume: 100 Issue: 6 Pages: 101113-101113

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.psj.2021.101113

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] ニワトリが味覚を感じるアミノ酸と糖のプロファイリング2023

    • Author(s)
      吉田悠太 , 藤代柊 , 河合亮汰 , 川端二功
    • Organizer
      日本家禽学会 2023年度秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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