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Elucidation of the mechanism of gene amplification as drug resistance and its clinical application.

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K15581
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Basic Section 50020:Tumor diagnostics and therapeutics-related
Research InstitutionNational Cancer Center Japan

Principal Investigator

Kobayashi Yoshihisa  国立研究開発法人国立がん研究センター, 研究所, 研究員 (30734628)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2023-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000)
KeywordsEGFR / 薬剤耐性 / 融合遺伝子 / 肺癌 / 遺伝子増幅 / MET
Outline of Research at the Start

日本人の肺腺がんのうち約半数にEGFR遺伝子の変異があり、このタイプにはEGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤 (特にオシメルチニブ)が劇的に効く。しかし、一旦効いても次第に必ず耐性を獲得して効かなくなることが問題である。本研究では、最も頻度の高い耐性機序であるMET遺伝子増幅を克服するために、申請者がこれまで習得してきたCRISPR-Ca9ゲノム編集技術を応用することで、遺伝子増幅を起こしやすい肺がんにはどのような遺伝子的特徴があるかを明らかにする。さらに、そのようながんで遺伝子増幅を起こさせないことを目指して、細胞だけでなく実際の臨床検体でもその素因の機能を解析する。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomas respond to EGFR inhibitors, but eventually develop resistance. In this study, we applied CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology to investigate drug resistance. We created various fusion gene models through genome editing and confirmed their function as mechanisms of drug resistance. We identified therapeutic agents to overcome resistance caused by fusion genes and further discovered that cancer acquires various gene amplifications against this treatment (Kobayashi et al., Nature Communications 2022). These findings provide valuable models and foundational data for ongoing research on fusion and gene amplifications.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

肺がんは最も死亡者数の多いがん種で、日本だけで年間7万人以上にのぼる。EGFR遺伝子変異は日本人肺腺がんの半数にみられ、このタイプにはEGFR阻害剤が標準治療となっているが、次第に耐性を獲得することが問題である。本研究成果は、融合遺伝子によって薬剤耐性となった患者に有効な新たな治療戦略の開発に有用である。また、融合遺伝子・遺伝子増幅に関する今後の生物学的な研究への貢献も期待できる。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2022 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (4 results)

All 2022 2021

All Journal Article (1 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 1 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (3 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Invited: 3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Genomic and biological study of fusion genes as resistance mechanisms to EGFR inhibitors.2022

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi Y, Oxnard GR, Cohen EF, Mahadevan NR, Alessi JV, Hung YP, Bertram AA, Heppner DE, Ribeiro MF, Sacardo KP, Saddi R, de Macedo MP, Blasco RB, Li J, Kurppa KJ, Nguyen T, Voligny E, Ananda G, Chiarle R, Katz A, Tolstorukov MY, Sholl LM, Janne PA.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 13 Issue: 1 Pages: 5614-5614

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-022-33210-2

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Novel treatment approach for targeting RAS Q61 mutant cancers.2022

    • Author(s)
      Yoshihisa Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      The 40th Sapporo International Cancer Symposium
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Novel RAS Q61 therapy targeting the splicing vulnerability.2022

    • Author(s)
      Yoshihisa Kobayashi
    • Organizer
      The 81st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cancer Association
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Application of CRISPR-Cas9 to the study of resistant mechanisms to EGFR inhibitors2021

    • Author(s)
      小林 祥久
    • Organizer
      第80回日本癌学会学術総会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Invited

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Published: 2021-04-28   Modified: 2024-01-30  

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