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Why do eukaryotes have linear chromosomes?

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K19208
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 43:Biology at molecular to cellular levels, and related fields
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

Kanoh Junko  東京大学, 大学院総合文化研究科, 教授 (10323809)

Project Period (FY) 2021-07-09 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Keywords染色体 / テロメア / 真核生物 / 原核生物 / 進化 / サブテロメア / クロマチン / 環状化 / テロメラーゼ / 組換え / 複製
Outline of Research at the Start

生物界には、なぜ線状と環状という2種類の染色体形態が存在するのだろうか?この生物の根本を問う疑問に答えるためには、同一の生物種で線状と環状の染色体をもつ細胞を比較する必要がある。単細胞真核生物である分裂酵母の染色体数は、例外的に少ないため(3本)、大腸菌の染色体のように各染色体が「自己」環状化して安定化したサバイバー株を取得することができる。本研究では、様々な形態の染色体をもつ分裂酵母を用いて、染色体形態の違いによる細胞増殖への影響を解析し、染色体末端構造の重要性を明らかにする。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Generally, the chromosomes of eukaryotes such as yeasts are linear, while those of prokaryotic organisms such as Escherichia coli are circular. To elucidate why these two types of morphologies exist in the biological world and why eukaryotes do not possess circular chromosomes, we created cells with self-circularized chromosomes using fission yeast, which only has three chromosomes, and extensively analyzed their phenotype. As a result, it was found that cells with circular chromosomes tend to have tangled chromosomes during cell division, which leads to increased susceptibility to cell death. Furthermore, their high sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitors suggests that topoisomerases may not function adequately on circular DNA in eukaryotic organisms.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

真核生物と原核生物は同じ祖先から進化したと考えられるが、染色体の形態が決定的に異なる。本研究の成果はこの生命の根源に迫るものであり、多くの人の関心を引き寄せるであろう。また、ヒトの癌の一種に環状染色体を含むものがある。本研究によって、環状染色体をもつ真核生物が正常に増殖することができるように操作することができれば、その癌の治療にも役立つ可能性が期待される。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (16 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021

All Journal Article (4 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 4 results,  Open Access: 4 results) Presentation (11 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Invited: 10 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Bqt4 affects relative movement between SPB and nucleolus in fission yeast2024

    • Author(s)
      Wang Kaiyu、Ito Hiroaki、Kanoh Junko、Ueno Masaru
    • Journal Title

      Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

      Volume: 714 Pages: 149970-149970

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149970

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Subtelomeres: hotspots of genome variation2023

    • Author(s)
      Kanoh Junko
    • Journal Title

      Genes & Genetic Systems

      Volume: 98 Issue: 3 Pages: 155-160

    • DOI

      10.1266/ggs.23-00049

    • ISSN
      1341-7568, 1880-5779
    • Year and Date
      2023-06-01
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Roles of Specialized Chromatin and DNA Structures at Subtelomeres in Schizosaccharomyces pombe2023

    • Author(s)
      Kanoh Junko
    • Journal Title

      Biomolecules

      Volume: 13 Issue: 5 Pages: 810-810

    • DOI

      10.3390/biom13050810

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Fission yeast Stn1 maintains stability of repetitive DNA at subtelomere and ribosomal DNA regions.2021

    • Author(s)
      Io Yamamoto, Hidenori Nakaoka, Masahiro Takikawa, Sanki Tashiro, Junko Kanoh, Tomoichiro Miyoshi, Fuyuki Ishikawa
    • Journal Title

      Nucleic Acids Research

      Volume: 49 Issue: 18 Pages: 10465-10476

    • DOI

      10.1093/nar/gkab767

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 染色体末端近傍領域サブテロメアにおける凝縮クロマチン構造形成2023

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      第46回日本分子生物学会年会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 分裂酵母サブテロメア特異的凝縮クロマチン構造の形成メカニズム2023

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      第56回酵母遺伝学フォーラム研究報告会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] サブテロメアはテロメアのサブじゃない2023

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      第203回酵母細胞研究会例会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Why do eukaryotes have linear chromosome?2023

    • Author(s)
      Kanoh J.
    • Organizer
      POMBE 2023 meeting
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Evolution of telomere-adjacent regions in primates.2023

    • Author(s)
      Kanoh J.
    • Organizer
      Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory meeting, Telomeres & Telomerase
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] DNAの端が創出する生物多様性2022

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      大隅科学創成財団第7回創発セミナー
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] テロメア隣接領域サブテロメアはゲノム変化のヒットスポットである2022

    • Author(s)
      竹中健人、大泉祐介、加治拓人、田代三喜、加納純子
    • Organizer
      日本進化学会年大会第24回沼津大会
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Subtelomere-specific highly condensed chromatin structure requires threee different histone modifications in fission yeast2022

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      EMBO workshop, Telomere function and evolution in health and disease
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 染色体の最先端(とその隣)の研究を支える分裂酵母2021

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      第23回酵母合同シンポジウム「YEAST 2020+1 世界と未来を変える酵母」
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] テロメア隣接領域サブテロメアのゲノム進化2021

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      日本遺伝学会第93回大会 国内シンポジウム「ゲノム進化と生物多様性」
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 染色体末端近傍領域サブテロメア配列のコピー数バリエーション2021

    • Author(s)
      加納純子
    • Organizer
      第44回日本分子生物学会年会 ワークショップ「ゲノムDNA量の変化から紐解く生物の生存戦略」
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Book] エッセンシャル遺伝学・ゲノム科学(原著第7版)中村千春・岡田清孝監訳2021

    • Author(s)
      加納純子(13章の翻訳担当)
    • Total Pages
      523
    • Publisher
      化学同人
    • ISBN
      9784759820485
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report

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Published: 2021-07-13   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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