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Molecular mechanisms of development of malignant female cancers associated with X-chromosome reactivation

Research Project

Project/Area Number 21K19404
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 50:Oncology and related fields
Research InstitutionHamamatsu University School of Medicine

Principal Investigator

Kitagawa Masatoshi  浜松医科大学, 医学部, 教授 (50294971)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 丹伊田 浩行  浜松医科大学, 医学部, 准教授 (20336671)
大畑 樹也  浜松医科大学, 医学部, 助教 (80616459)
酒井 聡  浜松医科大学, 医学部, 助教 (50566081)
Project Period (FY) 2021-07-09 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
KeywordsX染色体 / 相同組換え修復 / 乳がん / 相同組換え / がん / 女性腫瘍 / 予後診断
Outline of Research at the Start

我々はメスのES細胞はオスに比べ相同組換え能が低いことを見出した。メス体細胞ではXistの発現によりXaXiだが、ES細胞やiPS細胞はXaXaで、ヒト乳がん細胞でもある程度の頻度でXaXaが見られている。女性においては発がん過程でリプログラミングにより両X染色体の活性化 (XaXa)が起こると相同組換え修復が抑制され、ゲノム変異が修復され難くなり、悪性度の亢進を来す可能性が高い。本研究ではX染色体性相同組換え抑制遺伝子(XHIG)を同定してその機能解析を行うことでX染色体性の相同組換え制御機構を明らかにし、新たな女性腫瘍進展の分子機構の解明を目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In female somatic cells, one side of the X chromosome is inactivated (XaXi), but in ES cells and iPS cells it is XaXa. XaXa is also seen with some frequency in human breast cancer cells. We found that female ES cells have lower homologous recombination (HR) ability than males. However, the molecular mechanism of HR suppression by activation of both X chromosomes is unknown. In this study, we searched for the responsible gene by RNA-Seq analysis and found a candidate gene, BRCC3. It was found that knocking down BRCC3 with female ES (XaXa) restored HR, suggesting that BRCC3 is the gene whose expression is upregulated by activation of both X chromosomes and acts to suppress homologous recombination.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

我々は、両X染色体が活性化状態にあるメスのES細胞(XaXa)はオス(XY)に比べて相同組換え(HR) 修復能が低いことを見出した。我々はin silico解析よりXsit低発現のヒト乳がん(XaXaの可能性が高い)では予後不良であることに気がつき、 「女性腫瘍で両X染色体の活性化が起こるとHR修復が抑制され、DNA障害が修復され難くなり、悪性度の亢進を来す可能性がある」と仮説を立てた。本研究により両X染色体活性化に伴う相同組換えの低下の原因がBRCA1複合体抑制遺伝子のBRCC3の過剰発現であることが判明した。本研究により女性腫瘍進展の分子機構の理解と克服に貢献が期待できる。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • 2021 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (7 results)

All 2023 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (1 results) Journal Article (1 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 1 results,  Open Access: 1 results) Presentation (4 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Inst. Mol. Health Sci., ETH(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Homologous recombination is reduced in female embryonic stem cells by two active X chromosomes2021

    • Author(s)
      Tamura Y., Ohhata, T., Niida, H., Sakai, S., Uchida C., Masumoto, K., Kotou, F., Wuts, A. and Kitagawa, M
    • Journal Title

      EMBO Rep

      Volume: 22 Issue: 9

    • DOI

      10.15252/embr.202052190

    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Xist-dependent activation status of two X chromosomes is associated with homologous recombination efficiency in female ES cells.2023

    • Author(s)
      Masatoshi Kitagawa, Yuka Tamura, Satoshi Sakai, Hiroyuki Niida, Tatsuya Ohhata
    • Organizer
      28th Annual Meeting of the RNA Society
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Homologous recombination is reduced in female embryonic stem cells by two active X chromosomes2023

    • Author(s)
      Tatsuya Ohhata, Yuka Tamura, Anton Wutz, Masatoshi Kitagawa
    • Organizer
      EMBO workshop, X-chromosome inactivation: new insights on its 60th anniversary (Berlin, Germany)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Homologous recombination is reduced in female embryonic stem cells by two active X chromosomes2023

    • Author(s)
      Tatsuya Ohhata
    • Organizer
      日本遺伝学会第95回大会(熊本)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] メスES細胞では両X染色体の活性化により相同組換え効率が減少している2021

    • Author(s)
      田村友香、大畑樹也、丹伊田浩行、酒井聡、内田千晴、増本一真、加藤文度、Anton Wuts、北川雅敏
    • Organizer
      第44回日本分子生物学会年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Research-status Report
  • [Remarks] 浜松医科大学医学部分子生物学講座

    • URL

      https://www.hama-med.ac.jp/education/fac-med/dept/mol-biol/index.html

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report 2021 Research-status Report

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Published: 2021-07-13   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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