| Project/Area Number |
21K19955
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Review Section |
0101:Philosophy, art, and related fields
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| Research Institution | Tsukuba Gakuin University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Project Period (FY) |
2021-08-30 – 2023-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
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| Keywords | Film translation / Subtitle translation / Translation norms / Film subtitles / German-Japanese / English-Japanese |
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| Outline of Research at the Start |
This research clarifies the norms, philosophies, and artistic approaches of Japanese translators of film subtitles. It explores why there are rather faithful Japanese translations of German movies compared to rather loose translations of English-language movies.
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Between 1946 and 1980 two subtitle translators, Shimizu Shunji and Takase Shizuo, shaped the norms of Japanese subtitles. They perceived themselves not merely as translators but as creative entities who transferred the "essence of the film dialogue" into Japanese. Since the 1980s, Toda Natsuko followed this established way of translating subtitles and she refined it to a style of extreme reduction and simplification which was popular with film distribution companies, making her the "subtitling queen" of Japan. However, this style was not appropriate for specific types of films, and was challenged by other translators and the cinema audience.
Since the 2010s, technological changes led to a diversification of translators and diversified styles of translation. This change can be seen in the translation of swear words and the use of female language. Furthermore, with topics related to LGBTQ, the use of female language has transcended its original function as marker for female speech.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
Today, people are constantly surrounded by moving images and contents from all over the world and to make other cultures depicted in them understandable the way of translating these contents is important. Translations are guided by the norms analyzed in this research.
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