| Budget Amount *help |
¥15,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
A red tide occurred in New Zealand. This caused mass mortalities of fish within the harbour. Over 500 cases of human respiratory distress were also reported, with symptoms including a dry cough, severe sore throat, and headache. A cell extract of the causataive dinoflagellate showed strong mouse lethality and cytotoxicity.
From the neutral lipophilic fraction five novel toxins were identified. Isolation was guided by cytotoxicity against mouse leukemia P388 cells. The sodiated cations of toxins in MALDI mass spectra were observed at over m/z 2000. The most abundant toxin was determined to be a large polycyclic ether compound with 24 ether rings, including dihydrofuran, 13 hydroxy groups, and a 2-methylbut-2-enal side chain. From the hydrophilic acidic fraction another novel set of toxins were identified. The toxins consist of nine contiguous ether rings and contain a 9-membered ether ring within the central portion of the molecule. Toxins showed cytotoxicity against neuro2A cells.
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