| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Research Abstract |
A study on the toxicity of smokeless tobacco, such as gum tobacco which had been recently sold in Japan, was demonstrated. Some reactive products of tobacco manufactures such as tobacco leaves and gum tobacco with nitrite showed the mutagenicity for Salmonella strains. It was suggested that there were mutagens and/or carcinogens in the reactive products of gum tobacco as well as chewing tobacco which had been associated with oral cancer.
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