| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In the present study, in order to compare different exam systems; the subjects selected were European and Japanese university students. First, an investigation found that European had regularly experienced oral exams in both their mother tongue (L1) and foreign languages in a large number of different subjects as part of their school curriculum from elementary school to university. However, in the case of Japanese, it was discovered that their only experience of oral exams had been in entrance exam which sometimes included short interviews in the L1. In addition, a quantitative study was conducted immediately following each 2-minute monologic task in L1 and English. Statistically significant differences were found between the European and Japanese subjects' cognitive processes before and during the tasks. This indicated that European, who have had experience of giving oral presentations in numerous subjects during their education, possess many cognitive advantages in monologic tasks.
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