Budget Amount *help |
¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
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Research Abstract |
I clarified legal positioning and legal limits of administrative (noncriminal) penalties (civil penalties) and administrative incentives (eco-tax, disposal fee, road-pricing, tax credits and subsidies for buyers of eco-friendly cars, etc.). By comparing them I formulated the legal theory about administrative penalties and incentives.
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