| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Research Abstract |
As in the case of many other developing countries, the massive influx of immigrants from rural areas to cities in Bangladesh continuously inflates the urban lower class population. The bulk of ship-recycling workers are such urban migrants and their children, who tend to have difficulty in finding a stable job or keeping sufficient income. They barely maintain their family budget by making up income shortfalls through a variety of means such as "circular migration" between their rural village and the city and training of their children as child laborers in order to multiply income earners in the family as early as possible. Such independent measures of livelihood defense by lower-class people are fulfilling important functions in the continuous growth of cities in developing countries despite their inability to provide sufficient jobs or income to the residents.
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