| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Nettles in Nara Park, where several handred sika deer have been protected for 1200 years, have many stinging hairs on shoots. We found that (1) among-population variation in stinging hair density was dependent upon the density of sika deer, (2) stinging hairs served as defense against deer, but not herbivorous insects, and (3) the nettle population in the park obviously differed from other populations at the level of genome-wide structure. These findings suggest that hairy nettles in the park evolved through natural selection under intensive browsing by deer. Furthermore, we demonstrated that red admiral butterfly larvae from Nara Park and another location attained greater growth performance when reared on nettles of sympatric origins than when reared those of allopatric origins. This implies that butterflies in the park are locally adapted to hairy nettles of the park. Consequently, local adaptation of the butterfly to hairy nettles would have been driven by multispecies interactions.
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