| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥810,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to develop a cross-cultural measure of spirituality for Japanese and American elders. Based on Heuristic Inquiry, a semi open-ended questionnaire was developed. Using the questionnaire, semi-structural interviews were provided to 16 Japanese and 15 Caucasian community-residing elders in order to unveil perceptions and lived-experiences of spirituality and spirituality's influence on health and health promotion behaviors. Elders' narrative data were coded and integrated into 25 items by means of an NVivo program. Principal component analysis with promax rotation demonstrated a 19-item, five-factor solution accounting for 51.2% of the variance. Internal consistency was supported with Cronbach's alpha of .65-.87 for the items and .79 for the entire scale. To further improve the psychometric property of the scale, more interviews of elderly with diverse cultural backgrounds are required and a confirmatory factor analysis should be performed in future studies.
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