| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,440,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The animal biodiversity on cliff and ecological/evolutional significance of cliff were elucidated. About the former, the animal diversity on cliff surface was not different from that of surrounding forests, although the plant biodiversity on cliff was different from that of surrounding forest in another study by Y. Kano. About latter, waterfall, a kind of cliff, was elucidated to drive evolution of an amphidromous fish (Rhinogobius brunneus: BR) to a landlocked fish (Rhinogobius sp. YB: YB). Land erosion forced BR to be landlocked and drove BR to evolve YB. The evolution of BR -YB was occurred independently above each waterfall, while the morphology among YBs were quite similar indicating parallel evolution was caused by waterfalls
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