| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This study shows that two trends of welfare state reforms struggle with each other in the developed countries: re-commodification and de-commodification. Re-commodification refers to welfare policies as "social investment" that develop citizen's employability. De-commodification refers to welfare policies that emphasize individual's freedom in terms of work style, family style, work-life balance, and interpretation of his or her own identity. The orientation of welfare state reforms is defined by political influences of the social movements rather than left/right partisanship of the government party.
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