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Unveiling the physics of ultrastrong magnetic field with broadband X-ray polarimetry of neutron stars

Research Project

Project/Area Number 22H00128
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 15:Particle-, nuclear-, astro-physics, and related fields
Research InstitutionThe University of Osaka (2023-2025)
The University of Tokyo (2022)

Principal Investigator

小高 裕和  大阪大学, 大学院理学研究科, 准教授 (50610820)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 玉川 徹  国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 開拓研究本部, 主任研究員 (20333312)
川島 朋尚  一関工業高等専門学校, その他部局等, 助教 (90750464)
Project Period (FY) 2022-04-01 – 2026-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2025)
Budget Amount *help
¥40,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥31,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,420,000)
Fiscal Year 2025: ¥9,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,220,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥13,390,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,090,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥9,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,160,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥8,450,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,950,000)
Keywords中性子星 / 強磁場 / X線偏光 / 微小ピクセル検出器 / 磁場 / 降着流 / ガンマ線偏光 / 符号化イメージング
Outline of Research at the Start

中性子星の表面付近は、1兆ガウスを超える磁場が巨視的なスケールで存在するという宇宙でも圧倒的に特異な環境である。本研究は、中性子星の種族の中では天体環境の不定性が比較的小さい「降着型パルサー」に着目し、超強磁場の下で物質と放射が如何に振る舞うか、その物理過程の精密な理解を目指す。そのために実験・理論の両面で新技術を導入し、(1) シリコン半導体ピクセル検出器を利用した新しい硬X線偏光計の実用化、(2) 輻射流体シミュレーションとモンテカルロ輻射輸送計算の連携による降着流プラズマの3次元X線放射モデルの構築、(3) 広帯域X線スペクトル・ X線偏光解析によるモデルの検証とフィードバックを行う。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

中性子星の表面付近は、1兆ガウスを超える磁場が巨視的なスケールで存在するという宇宙でも圧倒的に特異な環境である。本研究は、中性子星の種族の中では天体物理的な環境が比較的よくわかっている「降着型パルサー」に着目し、超強磁場の下で物質と放射が如何に振る舞うか、その物理過程の精密な理解を目指す。そのために実験・理論の両面で新技術を導入し、(1) シリコン半導体ピクセル検出器を利用した新しい硬X線偏光計の実用化、(2) 輻射流体シミュレーションとモンテカルロ輻射輸送計算の連携による降着流プラズマの3次元X線放射モデルの構築、(3) 広帯域X線スペクトル・ X線偏光解析によるモデルの検証とフィードバックを行うことを目的とする。

2024年度は、SPring-8のシンクロトロン放射光で新しく評価したピクセルサイズが1.5マイクロメートルと極めて小さいCMOSイメージセンサのX線偏光性能を論文としてまとめ出版した。これまで、ピクセルサイズが2.5マイクロメートルのCMOSセンサを用いて原理実証実験を行ってきたが、ピクセルサイズをさらに小さくすることで、大きな偏光モジューレションが得られ、ピクセルサイズを小さくすれば偏光感度を向上できることを実証した。また、適用エネルギーを低い方向に広げることに成功しており、サイエンスの応用範囲が広がることが期待できる。

天体解析において、Cen X-3の軌道2週にわたる広帯域X線データを取得し、時間変動の起源を星風の構造やその時間変化によって定量的に説明することに成功した。この論文は投稿済みである。また、SMC X-1の時間変動についても降着円盤の変動によって説明するモデルを構築中である。新たに進めている液体アルゴンを用いたガンマ線コンプトン偏光計の開発も順調である。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

半導体イメージセンサを用いたX線偏光計は、本研究でセンサの詳細な性能評価や解析手法の整理を行なったことで、測定原理およびその技術の観点では確立したと言える。さらなる偏光感度の向上を目指し、ピクセルサイズの小さなセンサの開発も進め、SPring-8のシンクロトロン放射光を用いた性能評価も期待通りの結果が出ており、論文を出版した。

天体データ解析においても成果が出ており、高い降着率のCen X-3の軌道2週にわたる広帯域X線データを取得し、時間変動を説明するモデルを構築し、論文投稿済みである。さらにエディントン光度を超えて光るSMC X-1についても、超軌道周期の変動を降着にジオメトリ変化で説明するモデルを構築中である。

これらを踏まえると概ね順調に成果の創出ができており、さらに新しいアイデアのガンマ線偏光計の開発にも踏み出すことができている。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

これまでに性能評価を実施した微小ピクセルセンサの実用システムの構築、新しいガンマ線偏光計の開発を推進する。また、天体物理の研究としては、降着流モデルを流体シミュレーション・輻射輸送シミュレーションを用いて構築し、研究計画通りNuSTAR・IXPE衛星のデータとの比較を行うほか、2023年に軌道投入されたXRISMの超精密分光データを説明できる降着型パルサーのモデル構築に取り組む。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2024 Annual Research Report
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (39 results)

All 2025 2024 2023 2022 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (2 results) Journal Article (27 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 17 results,  Peer Reviewed: 27 results,  Open Access: 25 results) Presentation (10 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Invited: 2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Columbia University/Northeastern University(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Durham(英国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] NuSTAR detection of a hot stellar superflare with a temperature of 95 MK in hard X-rays2025

    • Author(s)
      Hakamata Tomohiro、Matsumoto Hironori、Odaka Hirokazu、Takasao Shinsuke
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 77 Issue: 2 Pages: 356-369

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psaf002

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] XRISM Reveals Low Nonthermal Pressure in the Core of the Hot, Relaxed Galaxy Cluster A20292025

    • Author(s)
      XRISM Collaboration
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Letters

      Volume: 982 Issue: 1 Pages: L5-L5

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ada7cd

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The bulk motion of gas in the core of the Centaurus galaxy cluster2025

    • Author(s)
      XRISM Collaboration
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 638 Issue: 8050 Pages: 365-369

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41586-024-08561-z

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Overionized plasma in the supernova remnant Sagittarius A East anchored by XRISM observations2024

    • Author(s)
      XRISM Collaboration (Tanaka Takaaki を含む)
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 77 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-8

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psae111

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] First Operation of a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) in the Stratosphere as an Engineering Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey (GRAMS) Balloon Flight (eGRAMS)2024

    • Author(s)
      Nakajima R、Arai Shota、Aoyama K、Utsumi Y、Tamba T、Odaka H、Tanaka M、Yorita K、Arai Shintaro、Aramaki T、Asaadi J、Bamba A、Cannady N、Coppi P、De Nolfo G、Errando M、Fabris L、Fujiwara T、Fukazawa Y、Ghosh P、Hagino K、Hakamata T、Hijikata U、Hiroshima N、Ichihashi M、Ichinohe Y、Inoue Y、Ishikawa K、他
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 12 Issue: 12

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptae179

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The XRISM first-light observation: Velocity structure and thermal properties of the supernova remnant N 132D2024

    • Author(s)
      XRISM Collaboration (Tanaka Takaaki を含む)
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 76 Issue: 6 Pages: 1186-1201

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psae080

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The XRISM/Resolve View of the Fe K Region of Cyg X-32024

    • Author(s)
      XRISM Collaboration、Audard Marc、Awaki Hisamitsu、Ballhausen Ralf、Bamba Aya、Behar Ehud、Boissay-Malaquin Rozenn、Brenneman Laura、Brown Gregory V.、Corrales Lia、Costantini Elisa、Cumbee Renata、Diaz Trigo Maria、Done Chris、Dotani Tadayasu、Ebisawa Ken、Eckart Megan E.、略、Mizuno Tsunefumi、他
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Letters

      Volume: 977 Issue: 2 Pages: L34-L34

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ad8ed0

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] XRISM Spectroscopy of the Fe Kα Emission Line in the Seyfert Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4151 Reveals the Disk, Broad-line Region, and Torus2024

    • Author(s)
      Xrism Collaboration (Ueda, Y.)
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 973 Issue: 1 Pages: L25-L25

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/ad7397

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Multi-epoch X-ray spectral analysis of Centaurus A: Revealing new constraints on iron emission line origins2024

    • Author(s)
      Iwata Toshiya、Tanimoto Atsushi、Odaka Hirokazu、Bamba Aya、Inoue Yoshiyuki、Hagino Kouichi
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 76 Issue: 5 Pages: 923-939

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psae059

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Imaging reconstruction method on X-ray data of CMOS polarimeter combined with coded aperture2024

    • Author(s)
      Tamba Tsubasa、Odaka Hirokazu、Watanabe Taihei、Iwata Toshiya、Kasuga Tomoaki、Tanimoto Atsushi、Takashima Satoshi、Ichihashi Masahiro、Suzuki Hiromasa、Bamba Aya
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 1067 Pages: 169589-169589

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2024.169589

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Development of the X-ray polarimeter using CMOS imager: Polarization sensitivity of a 1.5 μm pixel CMOS sensor2024

    • Author(s)
      Iwata Toshiya、Hagino Kouichi、Odaka Hirokazu、Tamba Tsubasa、Ichihashi Masahiro、Kato Tatsuaki、Ishiwata Kota、Kuramoto Haruki、Matsuhashi Hiroumi、Arai Shota、Minami Takahiro、Takashima Satoshi、Bamba Aya
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 1065 Pages: 169487-169487

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2024.169487

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Measurement of temperature relaxation in the postshock plasma of the northwestern limb of SN 10062024

    • Author(s)
      Ichihashi Masahiro、Bamba Aya、Kato Yuichi、Katsuda Satoru、Suzuki Hiromasa、Kasuga Tomoaki、Odaka Hirokazu、Nakazawa Kazuhiro
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 76 Issue: 4 Pages: 800-809

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psae049

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Possible Supercritical Accretion on the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source in the Metal-poor Galaxy IZw182024

    • Author(s)
      Yoshimoto Marina、Yoneyama Tomokage、Noda Hirofumi、Odaka Hirokazu、Matsumoto Hironori
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 970 Issue: 1 Pages: 8-8

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ad4e34

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] X-ray polarization properties of thermal-radiative disc winds in binary systems2023

    • Author(s)
      Tomaru Ryota、Done Chris、Odaka Hirokazu
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 527 Issue: 3 Pages: 7047-7054

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stad3649

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Spectral Modeling of the Supersoft X-Ray Source CAL87 Based on Radiative Transfer Codes2023

    • Author(s)
      Tsujimoto Masahiro、Mizumoto Misaki、Ebisawa Ken、Odaka Hirokazu、Wada Qazuya
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 960 Issue: 1 Pages: 46-46

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ad0bfa

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Circumnuclear Multiphase Gas in the Circinus Galaxy. V. The Origin of the X-Ray Polarization in the Circinus Galaxy2023

    • Author(s)
      Tanimoto Atsushi、Wada Keiichi、Kudoh Yuki、Odaka Hirokazu、Uematsu Ryosuke、Ogawa Shoji
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 958 Issue: 2 Pages: 150-150

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ad06ac

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] The peak flux of GRB 221009A measured with GRBAlpha2023

    • Author(s)
      Ripa J.、Takahashi H.、Fukazawa Y.、Werner N.、Munz F.、Pal A.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: - Pages: L2-L2

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/202346128

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A different view of wind in X-ray binaries: the accretion disc corona source 2S 0921-6302023

    • Author(s)
      Tomaru Ryota、Done Chris、Odaka Hirokazu、Tanimoto Atsushi
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 523 Issue: 3 Pages: 3441-3449

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stad1637

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Strong Polarization of a J=1/2 -> 1/2 Transition Arising from Unexpectedly Large Quantum Interference2023

    • Author(s)
      N Nakamura, N Numadate, S Oishi, XM Tong, X Gao, D Kato, H Odaka, T Takahashi,Y Tsuzuki, Y Uchida, H. Watanabe, S Watanabe, and H Yoneda
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review Letters

      Volume: 130 Issue: 11 Pages: 113001-113001

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevlett.130.113001

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Orbital- and Spin-phase Variability in the X-Ray Emission from the Accreting Pulsar Centaurus X-32023

    • Author(s)
      Tamba Tsubasa、Odaka Hirokazu、Tanimoto Atsushi、Suzuki Hiromasa、Takashima Satoshi、Bamba Aya
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 944 Issue: 1 Pages: 9-9

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/acadde

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] MeV Gamma-Ray Source Contribution to the Inner Galactic Diffuse Emission2023

    • Author(s)
      Tsuji Naomi、Inoue Yoshiyuki、Yoneda Hiroki、Mukherjee Reshmi、Odaka Hirokazu
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 943 Issue: 1 Pages: 48-48

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/acab69

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Reconstruction of multiple Compton scattering events in MeV gamma-ray Compton telescopes towards GRAMS: The physics-based probabilistic model2023

    • Author(s)
      Yoneda Hiroki、Odaka Hirokazu、Ichinohe Yuto、Takashima Satoshi、他
    • Journal Title

      Astroparticle Physics

      Volume: 144 Pages: 102765-102765

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.astropartphys.2022.102765

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Suzaku and Chandra study of diffuse X-ray emission from the massive star-forming region RCW?382022

    • Author(s)
      Fukushima Aoto、Ezoe Yuichiro、Odaka Hirokazu
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 75 Issue: 1 Pages: 187-198

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psac100

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] On the Formation of Over-ionized Plasma in Evolved Supernova Remnants2022

    • Author(s)
      Katsuragawa Miho、Lee Shiu-Hang、Odaka Hirokazu、Bamba Aya、Matsumura Hideaki、Takahashi Tadayuki
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 938 Issue: 1 Pages: 23-23

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac8cf9

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Event reconstruction of Compton telescopes using a multi-task neural network2022

    • Author(s)
      Takashima Satoshi、Odaka Hirokazu、Yoneda Hiroki、Ichinohe Yuto、Bamba Aya、Aramaki Tsuguo、Inoue Yoshiyuki
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

      Volume: 1038 Pages: 166897-166897

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.nima.2022.166897

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] NuSTAR Observations of 52 Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey2022

    • Author(s)
      Tanimoto Atsushi、Ueda Yoshihiro、Odaka Hirokazu、Yamada Satoshi、Ricci Claudio
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

      Volume: 260 Issue: 2 Pages: 30-30

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4365/ac5f59

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Simulation-based spectral analysis of X-ray CCD data affected by photon pile-up2022

    • Author(s)
      Tsubasa Tamba, Hirookazu Odaka, Aya Bamba, Hirohsi Murakami, Koji Mori, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Yukikatsu Terada, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Masayoshi Nobukawa
    • Journal Title

      PASJ

      Volume: 74 Issue: 2 Pages: 364-383

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psab131

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] The GRAMS Mission2024

    • Author(s)
      Hirokazu Odaka
    • Organizer
      SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] GRAMS実験 16: ステータス報告2024

    • Author(s)
      小高裕和
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] MeVガンマ線天文学の展望2024

    • Author(s)
      小高裕和
    • Organizer
      高エネルギー宇宙物理連絡会研究会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] The GRAMS mission for MeV gamma-ray astronomy and dark matter search2024

    • Author(s)
      小高裕和
    • Organizer
      SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] GRAMS実験 14: ステータス報告2023

    • Author(s)
      小高裕和
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] GRAMS: MeV ガンマ線観測・ダークマター探索気球実験2023

    • Author(s)
      小高裕和
    • Organizer
      宇宙科学技術連合会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 宇宙ガンマ線観測・暗黒物質探索実験 GRAMS に向けた 液体アルゴン放射線検出器の気球搭載試験(1): 全体報告2023

    • Author(s)
      小高裕和
    • Organizer
      JAXA大気球シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] X-ray Imaging Polarimetry using a Fine Pixel CMOS Imager2022

    • Author(s)
      Hirokazu Odaka
    • Organizer
      NDIP20 (Conference on New Development in Photodetection)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Unveiling accretion disc winds from supermassive black holes with Monte Carlo X-ray radiative transfer modeling2022

    • Author(s)
      Hirokazu Odaka
    • Organizer
      What Drives the Growth of Black Holes?
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] X-ray Polarimetry for Astrophysics with CMOS imaging sensors2022

    • Author(s)
      Hirokazu Odaka
    • Organizer
      Pixel22 (10th International Workshop on Semiconductor Pixel Detectors for Particles and Imaging)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited

URL: 

Published: 2022-04-19   Modified: 2025-12-26  

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