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Ecology of giant viruses inhabiting the aphotic zone of the sea

Research Project

Project/Area Number 22H00384
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Medium-sized Section 40:Forestry and forest products science, applied aquatic science, and related fields
Research InstitutionKyoto University

Principal Investigator

緒方 博之  京都大学, 化学研究所, 教授 (70291432)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 岡崎 友輔  京都大学, 化学研究所, 助教 (40823745)
吉田 天士  京都大学, 農学研究科, 教授 (80305490)
遠藤 寿  京都大学, 化学研究所, 准教授 (80795055)
Project Period (FY) 2022-04-01 – 2026-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2025)
Budget Amount *help
¥42,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,870,000)
Fiscal Year 2025: ¥7,410,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,710,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥7,410,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,710,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥10,010,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,310,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥17,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,140,000)
Keywords巨大ウイルス / 無光層 / 生態 / 進化 / 深海
Outline of Research at the Start

本研究では、有光層から深海にわたり採取したインド洋広域試料と、大容量採水可能な深層水時系列試料を高品質環境オミクス解析に供し、①無光層GVの感染活性と遺伝子組成を特徴づけ、②無光層GVと真核微生物の相互作用を精査し、③主要宿主を同定し、GVとの相互作用を実験的に検証する。以上により、水圏生態系におけるGVと真核微生物の進化・生態の理解を飛躍的に深化させる。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

ウイルスは微生物群集動態、物質循環、進化に影響を及ぼす重要な生態系構成要素である。研究代表者らは、巨大ウイルス(Giant Virus; GV)が水圏に高頻度で存在し、高い系統多様性を示すことを世界に先駆け発見し、彼らが多様な真核微生物宿主と相互作用する様相、海洋炭素循環に影響を及ぼす可能性を提示してきた。しかし、これまでの研究は生産性が高く観測が比較的容易な有光層に集中し、水圏の大部分を占める無光層に存在するGVの生態学的理解は限られていた。本研究では、有光層から深海にわたり採取した試料を高品質環境オミクス解析に供し、①無光層GVの感染活性と遺伝子組成を特徴づけ、②無光層GVと真核微生物の相互作用を精査し、③主要宿主を同定し、GVとの相互作用を実験的に検証することを目的としている。
2024年度は、前年度に完成させた試料採取法を用いて高知県室戸深層水研究所にて最終的なサンプリングを実施し、合計8点の時系列メタおミクスデータを取得した。その後、時系列データの解析及び公共メタゲノムデータを利用した解析を並行して行い、論文の執筆を進めた。本研究により、深海に固有のGVの存在を明らかにし、室戸沖では季節をまたいで安定的に存在しかつ活性(転写活性)を示している様相を明らかにできた(論文執筆中)。海洋の深海でGVの転写活性の時間変動を明らかにした研究はこれまでになく、重要な成果と言える。また、琵琶湖で取得したデータからも、無光層固有のGV群集が存在していることを明らかにした(国際誌ISME J に掲載)。
また上記に加え、巨大ウイルスの宿主範囲に関する研究、巨大ウイルス間の遺伝的相互作用、巨大ウイルスの宿主代謝システムへの適応に関する基礎的な研究を実施した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

2024年度は室戸沖の中深層由来の試料の解析と全球規模メタゲノムデータの解析を大きく進めることができた。しかし、別々の学生が行った両解析を一つの論文としてまとめるために、両解析間で解析手法やパラメタの調整が必要となり、簡単な作業ではなかった。現在、本成果に関して論文執筆を行っている。一方、インド洋のデータに関しては、メタゲノム(4サンプル)からの、巨大ウイルスゲノムの抽出され、それが全球規模メタゲノムデータで確認された深海固有GVクレードに入っていることも見出した。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

室戸深層水研究所を利用した試料採取に関しては、2024年度前半に国際科学誌に投稿を目指している。これまでの研究から2つの問題点が明らかになった。1つ目は宿主同定が予想以上に難航している点である。シングルセルゲノミクスが有用な手法の一つと考えられるが、専門家と協議した結果、数の多い細菌を排除し、標的となる真核微生物を濃縮するプロトコルを開発する必要がある。2つ目は特有の遺伝子を保持することによる適応が起こっていることを示すことが困難なことである。バイオインフォマティクス解析で得られた示唆を証明するためには培養系でゲノム編集を行う必要がある。現在はモデルウイルス株(ミミウイルス)で、ゲノム改変が可能になったので、この系を利用して基礎的な領域から巨大ウイルスの遺伝子機能と適応の関係を明らかにする研究の基盤を構築する必要がある。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2024 Annual Research Report
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Comments on the Screening Results   Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (48 results)

All 2025 2024 2023 2022 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (2 results) Journal Article (14 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Open Access: 13 results,  Peer Reviewed: 13 results) Presentation (32 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 5 results,  Invited: 7 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] CNRS/CEA(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] CNRS/CEA/Institut Pasteur(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Sputnik virophage disrupts the transcriptional regulation of its host giant virus2025

    • Author(s)
      Chen Jingjie、Ogata Hiroyuki、Hikida Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Virology

      Volume: 99 Issue: 4

    • DOI

      10.1128/jvi.00192-25

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Genome-resolved year-round dynamics reveal a broad range of giant virus microdiversity2025

    • Author(s)
      Yue Fang、Lingjie Meng、Jun Xia、Yasuhiro Gotoh、Tetsuya Hayashi、Keizo Nagasaki、Hisashi Endo、Yusuke Okazaki、Hiroyuki Ogata
    • Journal Title

      mSystems

      Volume: 10(1) Issue: 1 Pages: 01168-24

    • DOI

      10.1128/msystems.01168-24

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Giant virus creates subcellular environment to overcome codon? tRNA mismatch2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhang Ruixuan、Mayer Lotte、Hikida Hiroyuki、Shichino Yuichi、Mito Mari、Willemsen Anouk、Iwasaki Shintaro、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      bioRxiv

      Volume: 999 Pages: 999-999

    • DOI

      10.1101/2024.10.07.616867

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Taxon-specific contributions of microeukaryotes to biological carbon pump in the Oyashio region2024

    • Author(s)
      Yang Qingwei、Yang Yanhui、Xia Jun、Fukuda Hideki、Okazaki Yusuke、Nagata Toshi、Ogata Hiroyuki、Endo Hisashi
    • Journal Title

      ISME Communications

      Volume: 4 Issue: 1

    • DOI

      10.1093/ismeco/ycae136

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Spatiotemporal dynamics of giant viruses within a deep freshwater lake reveal a distinct dark-water community2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhang Liwen、Meng Lingjie、Fang Yue、Ogata Hiroyuki、Okazaki Yusuke
    • Journal Title

      The ISME Journal

      Volume: 18 Issue: 1

    • DOI

      10.1093/ismejo/wrae182

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Gene Transfer Among Viruses Substantially Contributes to Gene Gain of Giant Viruses2024

    • Author(s)
      Wu Junyi、Meng Lingjie、Gaia Morgan、Hikida Hiroyuki、Okazaki Yusuke、Endo Hisashi、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Molecular Biology and Evolution

      Volume: 41 Issue: 8

    • DOI

      10.1093/molbev/msae161

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Complex Genomes of Early Nucleocytoviruses Revealed by Ancient Origins of Viral Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases2024

    • Author(s)
      Kijima Soichiro、Hikida Hiroyuki、Delmont Tom O、Gaia Morgan、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Molecular Biology and Evolution

      Volume: 41 Issue: 8

    • DOI

      10.1093/molbev/msae149

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Eukaryotic genomic data uncover an extensive host range of mirusviruses2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhao Hongda、Meng Lingjie、Hikida Hiroyuki、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Current Biology

      Volume: 34 Issue: 12 Pages: 2633-2643.e3

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.085

    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] DiGAlign: Versatile and Interactive Visualization of Sequence Alignment for Comparative Genomics2024

    • Author(s)
      Nishimura Yosuke、Yamada Kohei、Okazaki Yusuke、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Microbes and Environments

      Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: n/a

    • DOI

      10.1264/jsme2.ME23061

    • ISSN
      1342-6311, 1347-4405
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Mirusviruses link herpesviruses to giant viruses2023

    • Author(s)
      Ga?a Morgan、Meng Lingjie、Pelletier Eric、Forterre Patrick、Vanni Chiara、Fernandez-Guerra Antonio、Jaillon Olivier、Wincker Patrick、Ogata Hiroyuki、Krupovic Mart、Delmont Tom O.
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 616 Issue: 7958 Pages: 783-789

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41586-023-05962-4

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A rapid genome‐wide analysis of isolated giant viruses using <scp>MinION</scp> sequencing2023

    • Author(s)
      Hikida Hiroyuki、Okazaki Yusuke、Zhang Ruixuan、Nguyen Thi Tuyen、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Environmental Microbiology

      Volume: 25 Issue: 11 Pages: 2621-2635

    • DOI

      10.1111/1462-2920.16476

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Genomic adaptation of giant viruses in polar oceans2023

    • Author(s)
      Meng Lingjie、Delmont Tom O.、Ga?a Morgan、Pelletier Eric、Fern?ndez-Guerra Antonio、Chaffron Samuel、Neches Russell Y.、Wu Junyi、Kaneko Hiroto、Endo Hisashi、Ogata Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 6233-6233

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-023-41910-6

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] "Mamonoviridae", a proposed new family of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota2023

    • Author(s)
      Ruixuian Zhang, Masaharu Takemura, Kazuyoshi Murata, Hiroyuki Ogata
    • Journal Title

      Arch. Virol.

      Volume: 168 Issue: 3 Pages: 80-80

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00705-022-05633-1

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] A Fast and Easy Method to Co-extract DNA and RNA from an Environmental Microbial Sample2023

    • Author(s)
      Okazaki Yusuke、Nguyen Tuyen Thi、Nishihara Arisa、Endo Hisashi、Ogata Hiroyuki、Nakano Shin-ichi、Tamaki Hideyuki
    • Journal Title

      Microbes and Environments

      Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Pages: n/a

    • DOI

      10.1264/jsme2.ME22102

    • ISSN
      1342-6311, 1347-4405
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] どこまでわかった?巨大ウイルスの生態・進化2024

    • Author(s)
      緒方博之
    • Organizer
      第71回日本ウイルス学会学術集会
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 遺伝子獲得による巨大ウイルスの深海適応可能性の探索2024

    • Author(s)
      長坂孔明, 西村陽介, 呉君毅, 劉文文, 遠藤寿, 緒方博之
    • Organizer
      第37回日本微生物生態学会広島大会
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Transcriptome analysis of Sputnik2024

    • Author(s)
      Chen J.
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium on Global Health: Kyoto University (KU)-University of Vienna (UNIVIE)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A giant virus creates its own subcellular environment to overcome the codon-tRNA mismatch2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhang R.
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium on Global Health: Kyoto University (KU)-University of Vienna (UNIVIE)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Towards an understanding of the ecology and evolution of giant viruses in mesopelagic layer2024

    • Author(s)
      Liu W.
    • Organizer
      Joint Symposium on Global Health: Kyoto University (KU)-University of Vienna (UNIVIE)
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Eukaryotic genomic analysis reveals broad host spectrum of a novel viral group: mirusviruses2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhao H., Meng L., Hikida H., Ogata H
    • Organizer
      Viruses of Microbes 2024
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Spatio-temporal dynamics revealed the existence of giant virus community specific to dark environments in a deep lake2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhang L., Meng L., Fang Y., Ogata H., Okazaki Y.
    • Organizer
      Viruses of Microbes 2024
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A giant virus creates its own subcellular enviroment to overcome the codon-trna mismatch2024

    • Author(s)
      Zhang R., Hikida H., Shichino Y., Mito M., Iwasaki S., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      Viruses of Microbes 2024
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Nucleocytoviruses in the proto-eukaryotic era encoded multiple aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases2024

    • Author(s)
      Ogata H., Kijima S., Hikida H., Delmont T.O., Gaia M.
    • Organizer
      Viruses of Microbes 2024
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Complex genomes of early giant viruses suggested by phylogenetic trees of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs).2024

    • Author(s)
      Kijima S., Hikida H., Delmont T.O., Gaia M., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      Tara Oceans Retreat
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Investigating the diversity, ecology, and host range of mirusviruses through multiple types of data2024

    • Author(s)
      Meng L., Zhao H., Zhang L., Fang Y., Hikida H., Endo H., Okazaki Y., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      Tara Oceans Retreat
    • Related Report
      2024 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A large gap between the presence and activity of microeukaryotes in a deep sea environment2023

    • Author(s)
      Liu W., Neches R.Y., Okazaki Y., Endo H., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      OceanDNAテック2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Translational dynamics and codon-tRNA mismatch in the infection of a giant virus2023

    • Author(s)
      Zhang R., Hikida H., Shichino Y., Mito M., Iwasaki S., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      Ringburg Symposiutm on Giant Virus Biology
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 今まさに進化している「ウイルスの理解」2023

    • Author(s)
      緒方博之
    • Organizer
      微生物コンソーシアム第8回全体会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Genomic insights into the evolution and adaptation of large DNA viruses2023

    • Author(s)
      Ogata H., Lingjie M., Junyi Wu.
    • Organizer
      Confect Symposium 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] ウイルス界への招待:ウイルスと私たち、ウイルスと地球環境2023

    • Author(s)
      緒方博之
    • Organizer
      高槻中・高等学校授業
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 常識外れの巨大ウイルスの生態・進化2023

    • Author(s)
      緒方博之
    • Organizer
      ウイルス学若手研究集会2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 洋巨大ウイルスの生態と進化2023

    • Author(s)
      緒方博之
    • Organizer
      OceanDNAテック2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Towards understanding the potential host of giant viruses in mesopelagic layer2023

    • Author(s)
      Liu W., Neches R.Y., Okazaki Y., Endo H., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      微生物生態学会第36回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Exploring the diversity and dynamics of giant viruses in a deep lake through long-read metagenomics2023

    • Author(s)
      Zhang L., Meng L., Fang Y., Ogata H., Okazaki Y.
    • Organizer
      微生物生態学会第36回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Transcriptome of virophage reflects its infection to APMV2023

    • Author(s)
      Chen J., Hikida H., Ogata H
    • Organizer
      微生物生態学会第36回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Discovery of endogenous giant virus in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: implications of a dsDNA virus infection in fungi2023

    • Author(s)
      Zhao H., Zhang R., Wu J., Meng L., Okazaki Y., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      微生物生態学会第36回大会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Polar adaptation of giant viruses in the ocean2023

    • Author(s)
      Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      Ringberg Symposia on Giant Virus Biology
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Rapid characterization of novel giant viruses using nanopore sequencing.2022

    • Author(s)
      Hikida H., Okazaki Y., Zhang R., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      VoM 2022 Conference
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Viruses as part of Earth’s life system.2022

    • Author(s)
      Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      The 12th Asian Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ASME2022)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Recurrent polar adaptations of giant viruses infecting eukaryotes2022

    • Author(s)
      Meng L., Delmont T., Gaia M., Pelletier E., Fernandez-Guerra A., Chaffron S., Wu J., Kaneko H., Endo H., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The short-term variation of virus community in an enclosed bay of Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      Xia J., Fang Y., Yang Q., Okazaki Y., Yoshida T., Nagasaki K., Hisashi E., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Horizontal and vertical profiling of plankton communities in the Eastern Indian Ocean2022

    • Author(s)
      Liu W., Xia J., Hisashima F., Ogawa H., Ogata H., Endo H.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Detection of horizontal gene transfers among giant viruses2022

    • Author(s)
      Wu J., Meng L., Gaia M., Hikida H., Okazaki Y., Endo H., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Phylogenomic Analysis to Define the Taxonomic Classification of Medusaviruses Isolated in Japan2022

    • Author(s)
      Zhang R., Takemura M., Murata K., Ogata H.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Giant viruses share their large gene pool via horizontal gene transfer2022

    • Author(s)
      Ogata H., Meng L., Wu J., Garcia K.G., Kijima S.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Spatio-temporal community genome dynamics of giant viruses in a deep lake uncovered by long-read metagenomics2022

    • Author(s)
      Zhang L., Fang Y., Ogata H., Okazaki H.
    • Organizer
      35th JSME annual meeting
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2022-04-19   Modified: 2025-12-26  

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