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Mechanism of taste components-induced inflammation

Research Project

Project/Area Number 22K19536
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 53:Organ-based internal medicine and related fields
Research InstitutionNational Center for Child Health and Development

Principal Investigator

Morita Hideaki  国立研究開発法人国立成育医療研究センター, 免疫アレルギー・感染研究部, 室長 (90365320)

Project Period (FY) 2022-06-30 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Keywordsアレルギー / タフト細胞
Outline of Research at the Start

衛生環境、栄養状態の改善と共に、我が国の平均寿命は年々伸びる一方で、急速な高齢化や生活習慣の変化により、循環器疾患、脳血管疾患、糖尿病を含む生活習慣病や、アレルギー疾患、自己免疫疾患、炎症性腸疾患を含む炎症性疾患の増加が問題となっている。本研究では、上皮細胞の一種であるタフト細胞に着目し、全身性炎症性疾患の病態に関与する因子を同定を目指す。

Outline of Final Research Achievements

In recent years, tuft cells, a unique type of epithelial cell equipped with various taste receptors, have been reported to exist in significant numbers across multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system, garnering substantial attention. However, the role these tuft cells play in inflammatory diseases remains largely unclear. This study aims to elucidate the involvement of tuft cells in inflammatory diseases and to uncover the mechanisms through which taste stimuli influence the onset of such conditions.

We analyzed the characteristics of tuft cells in the small intestine and lungs, discovering that the intake of taste-stimulating compounds activates tuft cells in the small intestine. This activation, in turn, alters the immune cell composition in the lungs, exacerbating asthma-like airway inflammation.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

食品に含まれる味覚刺激成分が免疫に及ぼす影響については、不明な点が多く残されている。本研究により、味覚刺激成分が味覚受容体を有する特殊な上皮細胞の活性化を介して炎症を惹起するメカニズムの一端が明らかとなった。従来、味覚受容体は味蕾などの感覚器官にのみ存在し、外部環境や外敵の化学物質を感知することで生体防御の一端を担っていると考えられてきた。一方で、上皮細胞も味覚を感知して炎症を制御することが示されたことで、これらの特殊な上皮細胞に発現する味覚受容体、またはその活性機構を標的とした新たな治療法の開発につながる可能性がある。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2022 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (5 results)

All 2023 2022 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (2 results) Presentation (3 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 3 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] SIAF, University of Zurich(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Monell Chemical Senses Center(米国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Environmental factors potentially disrupting the gut epithelial barriers2023

    • Author(s)
      Hideaki Morita
    • Organizer
      EAACI Summer Symposium on Epithelial Cell Biology 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Environmental factors trigger allergic inflammation through disruption/activation of epithelial cells2022

    • Author(s)
      Hideaki Morita, Kenji Matsumoto
    • Organizer
      The 51st Annual Meeting of The Japanese Society of Immunology
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Role of innate immunity in allergic diseases2022

    • Author(s)
      Hideaki Morita
    • Organizer
      Asia Pacific Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Respirology&Immunology 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited

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Published: 2022-07-05   Modified: 2025-01-30  

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