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可視・近赤外線観測で探る近傍極金属欠乏銀河の起源と初期銀河

Research Project

Project/Area Number 22KJ0586
Project/Area Number (Other) 21J20785 (2021-2022)
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund (2023)
Single-year Grants (2021-2022)
Section国内
Review Section Basic Section 16010:Astronomy-related
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

磯部 優樹  東京大学, 理学系研究科, 特別研究員(DC1)

Project Period (FY) 2023-03-08 – 2024-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2023)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Keywords銀河形成 / 銀河進化 / 銀河の化学進化 / 銀河動力学 / 銀河形態学
Outline of Research at the Start

銀河形成を理解するためには、形成初期の銀河を調べる必要がある。しかし、ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡のデータ公開が始まる2022年7月以前は、初期宇宙における形成初期銀河を観測するのは技術的に難しかった。そこで、本研究では近傍宇宙にありながら初期宇宙の形成初期銀河と似た性質をもつ極金属欠乏銀河に着目し、その形態・化学組成・動力学的特徴を報告した。ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡のデータ公開後は、極金属欠乏銀河で得た知見を基に実際の遠方銀河の星間ガスの密度状態を報告した。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

採用期間前半は、近傍宇宙にありながら形成の初期段階と考えられる極金属欠乏銀河(EMPG)を観測的に研究した(成果1-3)。また、採用期間後半は、ジェイムズ・ウェッブ宇宙望遠鏡(JWST)の分光データを用いて、銀河形成の謎を解き明かす鍵となる初期宇宙の銀河を直接観測し、星間ガスの性質を調べた(成果4、5)。
[成果1] すばる望遠鏡の深撮像データを用いて、EMPGのサイズを詳細に測定した結果、天の川銀河の約1/10という非常に小さい半径であることが明らかになった。[成果2] ケック望遠鏡の深分光データでEMPGの化学組成を測定した。またEMPGの鉄と酸素の存在比が高いという観測結果を、太陽の30倍以上もの質量をもつ星の超新星爆発で説明可能なことを示した。[成果3] すばる望遠鏡の面分光装置による高精度なデータを用いて、EMPGのガスの速度構造を詳細に解析した。その結果、通常の星形成銀河に見られるような回転運動はほとんど見られず、むしろ無秩序な運動が支配的であることを明らかにした。[成果4] JWSTの公開分光データを用いて、赤方偏移4-9の遠方星形成銀河における星間ガスの密度を世界に先駆けて測定した。その結果、星間物質の密度は遠方に行くほど高くなる傾向が見られ、これは遠方銀河での星形成を理解する上で重要な知見となる。[成果5] 成果2と同じデータを用いて遠方星形成銀河における星間物質の化学組成を探査した。70個の銀河を解析した結果、2個の銀河から窒素輝線を検出し、炭素や酸素に対して窒素の存在比が大きいことを明らかにした。これは、初期宇宙における元素合成の過程を解明する上で重要な手がかりとなる。
上記全ての成果は主著論文として査読論文誌The Astrophysical Journalより出版した。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (41 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (16 results) Journal Article (7 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Peer Reviewed: 6 results,  Open Access: 7 results) Presentation (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 8 results,  Invited: 1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Georgia Institute of Technology/University of Wisconsin-Madison/Keck Observatory(米国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Center of Research Astrophysics of Lyon(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] European Southern Observatory(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Observatory of Geneva(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Seoul National University(韓国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Center of Research Astrophysics of Lyon(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Georgia Institute of Technology/University of Wisconsin-Madison/Keck Observatory(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] European Southern Observatory(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Observatory of Geneva(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Seoul National University(韓国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Carnegie Observatories/NOIRLab(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Geneva/ETH Zurich(スイス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] CRAL(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Cosmic DAWN Center(デンマーク)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Leiden Observatory(オランダ)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research]

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies are Very Gas-rich Dispersion-dominated Systems: Will the James Webb Space Telescope Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?2023

    • Author(s)
      Isobe Yuki, Ouchi Masami, Nakajima Kimihiko, Mawatari Ken, et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 951 Issue: 2 Pages: 102-102

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/accc87

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Redshift Evolution of Electron Density in the Interstellar Medium at z~0-9 Uncovered with JWST/NIRSpec Spectra and Line-spread Function Determinations2023

    • Author(s)
      Isobe Yuki、Ouchi Masami、Nakajima Kimihiko、Harikane Yuichi、Ono Yoshiaki、Xu Yi、Zhang Yechi、Umeda Hiroya
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 956 Issue: 2 Pages: 139-139

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/acf376

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] JWST Identification of Extremely Low C/N Galaxies with [N/O] > 0.5 at z ~ 6-10 Evidencing the Early CNO-cycle Enrichment and a Connection with Globular Cluster Formation2023

    • Author(s)
      Isobe Yuki、Ouchi Masami、Tominaga Nozomu、Watanabe Kuria、Nakajima Kimihiko、Umeda Hiroya、Yajima Hidenobu、Harikane Yuichi、Fukushima Hajime、Xu Yi、Ono Yoshiaki、Zhang Yechi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 959 Issue: 2 Pages: 100-100

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ad09be

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?2023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Isobe, Masami Ouchi, Kimihiko Nakajima, Shinobu Ozaki, Nicolas F. Bouche, John H. Wise, Yi Xu, Eric Emsellem, Haruka Kusakabe, Takashi Hattori, Tohru Nagao, Gen Chiaki他40名
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journalに掲載受理済

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Redshift Evolution of the Electron Density in the ISM at z~0-9 Uncovered with JWST/NIRSpec Spectra and Line-Spread Function Determinations2023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Isobe, Masami Ouchi, Kimihiko Nakajima, Yuichi Harikane, Yoshiaki Ono, Yi Xu, Yechi Zhang, Hiroya Umeda
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journalに投稿済

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] EMPRESS. IV. Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies Including Very Low-mass Primordial Systems with M* = 10^4 - 10^5 Msun and 2%-3% (O/H): High (Fe/O) Suggestive of Metal Enrichment by Hypernovae/Pair-instability Supernovae2022

    • Author(s)
      Isobe Yuki、Ouchi Masami、Suzuki Akihiro、Moriya Takashi J.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 925 Issue: 2 Pages: 111-111

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac3509

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] EMPRESS. III. Morphology, Stellar Population, and Dynamics of Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies (EMPGs): Are EMPGs Local Analogs of High-z Young Galaxies?*2021

    • Author(s)
      Isobe Yuki、Ouchi Masami、Kojima Takashi、Shibuya Takatoshi、Hayashi Kohei、Rauch Michael、Kikuchihara Shotaro、Zhang Haibin、Ono Yoshiaki、Fujimoto Seiji、Harikane Yuichi、Kim Ji Hoon、Komiyama Yutaka、Kusakabe Haruka、Lee Chien-Hsiu、Mawatari Ken、Onodera Masato、Sugahara Yuma、Yabe Kiyoto
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 918 Issue: 2 Pages: 54-54

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/ac05bf

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] JWSTで見つかった、炭素と酸素に対し窒素の豊富なz~6-10銀河2024

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2024年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Redshift Evolution of the Electron Density and Extremely Low C/N Galaxies with supersolar N/O at z~4-10 Uncovered with JWST/NIRSpec2023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Isobe
    • Organizer
      Shedding new light on the first billion years of the Universe
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] JWST Identification of Extremely Low C/N Galaxies with [N/O]>0.5 at z~6-102023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Isobe
    • Organizer
      Galaxy-IGM Workshop 2023
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] JWST/NIRSpecの線拡がり関数を用いて探る遠方銀河の動力学と星間物質2023

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2023年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Redshift Evolution of the Electron Density in the ISM at z~0-8 Uncovered with JWST/NIRSpec Spectra and Line-Spread Function Determinations2023

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      9th GALAXY EVOLUTION WORKSHOP
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Uncovering Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies in the Era of JWST studies2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      MIAPbP: Star-Forming Clumps and Clustered Starbursts Across Cosmic Time
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Uncovering Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies in the Era of JWST studies2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      Galaxies Discussion Group Meeting於ケンブリッジ大学
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Uncovering Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies Towards the Era of JWST studies2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      From Stars to Galaxies II
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Uncovering Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies Towards the Era of JWST studies2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      CRAL Seminar於リヨン天文台
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Uncovering Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies Towards the Era of JWST studies2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      Special Seminar於ジュネーブ大学
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 近傍観測と遠方シミュレーションが示唆する遠方初期銀河の分散運動優位性2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 近傍観測と遠方シミュレーションが示唆する遠方初期銀河の分散運動優位性2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      Galaxy-IGM workshop 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 形成初期銀河における分散運動の優位性が示す超新星爆発や銀河合体の兆候2022

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2022年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 形成初期銀河における高い鉄酸素比が示唆する対不安定型超新星の兆候2021

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2021年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 形成初期銀河における高い鉄酸素比が示唆する大質量星の兆候2021

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      Galaxy-IGM ワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 形成初期銀河における高い鉄酸素比が示唆する極超新星/対不安定型超新星の兆候2021

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      Metal-poor Universe ワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] すばる望遠鏡とせいめい/KOOLS-IFU分光で探る近傍極金属欠乏銀河2021

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      京都大学3.8m望遠鏡協議会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Excessively high Fe/O in extremely metal-poor galaxies suggestive of hypernovae and/or pair-instability supernovae2021

    • Author(s)
      磯部優樹
    • Organizer
      SAZERAC SIPS: Early Galaxy Formation Near and Far
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2021-05-27   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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