| Budget Amount *help |
¥49,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥38,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥11,460,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥7,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥7,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥7,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥26,260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥20,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,060,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We first devised an observation chamber in which temperature of sample ice crystals and supersaturation of water vapor can be controlled separately. Then we obtained the following five findings. 1) Only under supersaturated condition (higher than a critical value), two types of quasi-liquid layer (QLL) phases with drop and thin-layer shapes are formed on ice basal faces. 2) Strain formed around lattice defects in ice crystals significantly induces the formation of the two QLL phases. 3) On prism and other high-index faces, the two QLL phases with the drop and thin-layer shapes are also formed in the temperature ranges similar to those on basal faces. 4) Volume diffusion (in a bulk gas phase) and surface diffusion (on basal faces) of water vapor molecules govern the lateral advancement rate of elementary steps on ice basal faces. 5) On basal faces, spiral steps formed by screw dislocations exhibit a double-spiral structure because of a crystallographic requirement.
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