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Research and development of numerical acoustcal simulation technologies of real-life areas using digital geographic information

Research Project

Project/Area Number 23360255
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Architectural environment/equipment
Research InstitutionNiigata University

Principal Investigator

OSHIMA Takuya  新潟大学, 自然科学系, 准教授 (40332647)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) HOSHI Kazuma  日本大学短期大学部, 建築・生活デザイン学科, 助手 (50373171)
OKUBO Kan  首都大学東京, システムデザイン研究科, 准教授 (90336446)
YASUDA Yosuke  神奈川大学, 工学部, 准教授 (90456187)
HIRAGURI Yasuhiro  徳山工業高等専門学校, 土木建築工学科, 助教 (90457416)
IMANO Masashi  東京大学, 工学系研究科, 助教 (10312977)
Project Period (FY) 2011-04-01 – 2014-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2013)
Budget Amount *help
¥19,890,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,590,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥7,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,740,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥8,060,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,860,000)
Keywords建築環境・設備 / 屋外音響伝搬 / 大規模音響数値解析 / 数値地形情報 / リモートセンシング / 音響数値解析 / 屋外音響解析 / 実在地域 / 実在市街地
Research Abstract

Research and development of numerical acoustical propagation simulation technologies of real-life areas were achieved using digital geographic information such as geographic information system data and airborne laser topographical scanning data, and remote sensing information. Techniques for geometry generation of the subject topography and buildings, grid generation and the estimation of surface acoustic characteristics were developed. The simulation code has been distributed-memory parallelized for large-scale computations. The simulation results have been validated by comparison with scale-model measurements.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2013 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2012 Annual Research Report
  • 2011 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (60 results)

All 2014 2013 2012 2011 Other

All Journal Article (18 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 15 results) Presentation (37 results) (of which Invited: 2 results) Book (3 results) Remarks (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] 3D urban acoustic simulations and scale -model measurements over real-life topography2014

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Takashi Ishizuka, Takahide Kamijo
    • Journal Title

      J. Acoust. Soc. Am

      Volume: (採録決定)

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Geometry reconstruction and mesh generation techniques for acoustic simulations over real -life urban areas using digital geographic information2014

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Masashi Imano
    • Journal Title

      Acoust. Sci. Technol

      Volume: 35 Pages: 108-118

    • NAID

      130003390800

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Geometry reconstruction and mesh generation techniques for acoustic simulations over real-life urban areas using digital geographic information2014

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Masashi Imano
    • Journal Title

      Acoustical Science and Technology

      Volume: 35 Issue: 2 Pages: 108-118

    • DOI

      10.1250/ast.35.108

    • NAID

      130003390800

    • ISSN
      0369-4232, 1346-3969, 1347-5177
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Linearized Euler simulations of sound propagation with wind effects over a reconstructed urban terrain using digital geographic information2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Masashi Imano, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Yoshikazu Kamoshida
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Acoust

      Volume: 74 Pages: 1354-1366

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Basic investigation on estimation of land cover classification conforming to the ASJ RTN-Model using hyperspectral imaging data2013

    • Author(s)
      Yasuhiro Hiraguri, Takuya Oshima and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Journal Title

      Acoust. Sci. Technol

      Volume: 34 Pages: 367-370

    • NAID

      130003360978

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time -domain outdoor acoustic simulation of a real-life area using land cover classification identified by airborne hyperspectral imagery2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Journal Title

      Acoust. Sci. Technol

      Volume: 34 Pages: 364-366

    • NAID

      130003360974

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 騒音・風速2 点同時実測による盛土道路周辺の風況及びその音響伝搬への影響調査2013

    • Author(s)
      廣井昂也, 大嶋拓也
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会環境系論文集

      Volume: 78 Pages: 317-324

    • NAID

      200000374705

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Field measurements on wind effects to propagation of road traffic noise over open and flat ground2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Masaki Ii
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Acoust

      Volume: 74 Pages: 141-149

    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Linearized Euler simulations of sound propagation with wind effects over a reconstructed urban terrain using digital geographic information2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Masashi Imano, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Yoshikazu Kamoshida
    • Journal Title

      Applied Acoustics

      Volume: 74 Issue: 12 Pages: 1354-1366

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.apacoust.2013.05.006

    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report 2012 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] INVESTIGATIONS OF WIND CONDITIONS AROUND A ROAD EMBANKMENT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOUND PROPAGATION BY TWO-POINT SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF NOISE AND WIND VELOCITY2013

    • Author(s)
      廣井昂也、大嶋拓也
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ)

      Volume: 78 Issue: 686 Pages: 317-324

    • DOI

      10.3130/aije.78.317

    • NAID

      130004506447

    • ISSN
      1348-0685, 1881-817X
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report 2012 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time-domain outdoor acoustic simulation of a real-life area using land cover classification identified by airborne hyperspectral imagery2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Journal Title

      Acoustical Science and Technology

      Volume: 34 Issue: 5 Pages: 364-366

    • DOI

      10.1250/ast.34.364

    • NAID

      130003360974

    • ISSN
      0369-4232, 1346-3969, 1347-5177
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report 2012 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Basic investigation on estimation of land cover classification conforming to the ASJ RTN-Model using hyperspectral imaging data2013

    • Author(s)
      Yasuhiro Hiraguri, Takuya Oshima and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Journal Title

      Acoustical Science and Technology

      Volume: 34 Issue: 5 Pages: 367-370

    • DOI

      10.1250/ast.34.367

    • NAID

      130003360978

    • ISSN
      0369-4232, 1346-3969, 1347-5177
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report 2012 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Field measurements on wind effects to propagation of road traffic noise over open and flat ground2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Masaki Ii
    • Journal Title

      Applied Acoustics

      Volume: 74 Issue: 1 Pages: 141-149

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.07.003

    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 実在街区における風解析と波動伝搬解析の連成予測2012

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、今野雅
    • Journal Title

      騒音制御

      Volume: 36 Pages: 218-224

    • NAID

      10030743509

    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] オープンソース・ソフトウエアを活用した実在市街地環境複合解析2012

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、今野雅、平栗靖浩
    • Journal Title

      ながれ

      Volume: 31 Pages: 293-300

    • NAID

      110009479897

    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 線形化Euler法による屋外音響伝搬解析のための数値地形情報を用いた形状生成および格子生成2012

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也
    • Journal Title

      日本音響学会騒音・振動研究会資料

      Volume: N-2012-10 Pages: 1-8

    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Measurements on effects of winds to road traffic noise propagations over a flat and open field2011

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2011

      Volume: 1

    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Unified automatic mesh generation of urban terrain for linearized Euler simulations using digital geographic information2011

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Inter-Noise 2011

      Volume: 1

    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 地形効果を考慮した津波発生時における極超低周波音波伝搬の数値解析に関する基礎検討2014

    • Author(s)
      大久保寛, 川島健, 大嶋拓也, 竹内伸直
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合連合大会
    • Place of Presentation
      横浜
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 地形効果を考慮した津波発生に伴う極超低周波音波伝搬の数値解析2014

    • Author(s)
      川島健、大久保寛、大嶋拓也、竹内伸直
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会春季研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      日本大学(東京都千代田区)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 実在地域における地表面の吸音特性を考慮した音響数値解析技術の開発 地表面データを用いた幾何音響数値解析2014

    • Author(s)
      星和磨、大嶋拓也、平栗靖浩
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会春季研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      日本大学(東京都千代田区)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] アンサンブル平均を利用した測定法による地表面の吸音特性のin-situ測定2014

    • Author(s)
      奥園健、大鶴徹、大嶋拓也、富来礼次、平栗靖浩、岡本則子
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会春季研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      日本大学(東京都千代田区)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 実道路からの交通騒音伝搬に及ぼす風の影響調査 -騒音伝搬予測モデルをベンチマークとした道路構造間の比較-2014

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、廣井昂也
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会春季研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      日本大学(東京都千代田区)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 地形効果を考慮した津波発生時における極超低周波音波伝搬の数値解析に関する基礎検討2014

    • Author(s)
      大久保寛、川島健、大嶋拓也、竹内伸直
    • Organizer
      日本地球惑星科学連合連合大会
    • Place of Presentation
      パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県横浜市)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 地表面の実測吸音特性と航空ハイパースペクトルカメラによる分光放射輝度の関連に関する基礎的検討2014

    • Author(s)
      若松慶、大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会北陸支部大会
    • Place of Presentation
      富山大学(富山県高岡市)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Improvement of estimation method of land cover acoustic characteristics using hyperspectral imaging data2013

    • Author(s)
      Yasuhiro Hiraguri, Takuya Oshima and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Innsbruck
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Scale-model validation study of finite-difference time-domain simulations over a real-life area reconstructed with digital geographic information2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Takashi Ishizuka and Takahide Kamijo
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Innsbruck
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Finite-difference time-domain outdoor acoustic simulation of a real -life area using land cover acoustic characteristics identified by airborne hyperspectral imagery2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Innsbruck
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 数値地形データおよびリモートセンシングデータを用いた実在地域の波動音響数値解析2013

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也, 平栗靖浩, 星和磨, 今野雅
    • Organizer
      日本騒音制御工学会研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      熊本
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] FMBEMによる屋外広域音響伝搬解析の現状と課題2013

    • Author(s)
      安田洋介, 関根秀久, 樋口和孝, 大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本騒音制御工学会研究発表会講演論文集
    • Place of Presentation
      熊本
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] A fundamental study on numerical analysis of extremely low frequency sound waves induced by tsunami2013

    • Author(s)
      Ken Kawashima, Kan Okubo, Takuya Oshima and Nobunao Takeuchi
    • Organizer
      32nd International Acoustical Imaging Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      Singapore
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Finite-difference time-domain outdoor acoustic simulation of a real-life area using land cover acoustic characteristics identified by airborne hyperspectral imagery2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Yasuhiro Hiraguri and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Congress Innsbruck (Innsbruck, Austria)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Scale-model validation study of finite-difference time-domain simulations over a real-life area reconstructed with digital geographic information2013

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Takashi Ishizuka and Takahide Kamijo
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Congress Innsbruck (Innsbruck, Austria)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Improvement of estimation method of land cover acoustic characteristics using hyperspectral imaging data2013

    • Author(s)
      Yasuhiro Hiraguri, Takuya Oshima and Kazuma Hoshi
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      Congress Innsbruck (Innsbruck, Austria)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A fundamental study on numerical analysis of extremely low frequency sound waves induced by tsunami2013

    • Author(s)
      Ken Kawashima, Kan Okubo, Takuya Oshima and Nobunao Takeuchi
    • Organizer
      32nd International Acoustical Imaging Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      Civil Service Club (Singapore, Singapore)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report 2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 盛土道路からの道路交通騒音伝搬に及ぼす風の影響調査 -受音点間隔の影響-2013

    • Author(s)
      廣井昂也、大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会北陸支部大会
    • Place of Presentation
      金沢工業大学(石川県金沢市)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 数値地形データおよびリモートセンシングデータを用いた実在地域の波動音響数値解析2013

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、平栗靖浩、星和磨、今野雅
    • Organizer
      日本騒音制御工学会研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      熊本大学(熊本県熊本市)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] FMBEM による屋外広域音響伝搬解析の現状と課題2013

    • Author(s)
      安田洋介、関根秀久、樋口和孝、大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本騒音制御工学会研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      熊本大学(熊本県熊本市)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 実在地域における時間領域音響伝搬解析の縮尺模型実験による検証2013

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、石塚崇、上條高秀
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会秋季研究発表会
    • Place of Presentation
      豊橋技術科学大学(愛知県豊橋市)
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 実在地域を対象とした屋外音響伝搬模型実験・シミュレーション統合プラットフォームの構築2013

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、石塚崇、上條高秀
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会騒音・振動研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      新潟大学(新潟県新潟市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 数値地図の精度が沿道の騒音推計結果に及ぼす影響 -新潟市における測量調査結果-2013

    • Author(s)
      高村勇介、平栗靖浩,大嶋拓也、藤本一寿
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会九州支部
    • Place of Presentation
      大分大学(大分県大分市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] FMBEMによる広域音響伝搬解析 -高周波数域のためのFMBEMの適用性-2013

    • Author(s)
      樋口和孝、関根秀久、安田洋介、大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会
    • Place of Presentation
      東京工科大学(東京都八王子市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 屋外音場数値解析のための数値地形情報を用いた地面形状生成および格子生成2012

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川大学
    • Year and Date
      2012-03-13
    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] FMBEMによる広域音響伝搬解析に向けた基礎的検討-解析対象の形状・分布と解析精度・効率の関係-2012

    • Author(s)
      樋口和孝
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会
    • Place of Presentation
      神奈川大学
    • Year and Date
      2012-03-13
    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A basic investigation for prediction of outdoor sound propagation in large area using low -frequency FMBEM : effect of shapes and distribution of objects on computational accuracy and efficiency2012

    • Author(s)
      Yosuke Yasuda, Kazutaka Higuchi, Hidehisa Sekine and Takuya Oshima
    • Organizer
      InterNoise 2012
    • Place of Presentation
      New York
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Case study of land cover classification estimation using hyperspectral imaging data for outdoor acoustic simulations2012

    • Author(s)
      Yasuhiro Hiraguri, Takuya Oshima, Kazuma Hoshi and Masashi Imano
    • Organizer
      InterNoise 2012
    • Place of Presentation
      New York
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] 騒音・風速2点同時実測による道路交通騒音に及ぼす風の影響の調査2012

    • Author(s)
      廣井昂也、大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会北陸支部
    • Place of Presentation
      信州大学(長野県長野市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] A basic investigation for prediction of outdoor sound propagation in large area using low-frequency FMBEM: effect of shapes and distribution of objects on computational accuracy and efficiency2012

    • Author(s)
      Yosuke Yasuda, Kazutaka Higuchi, Hidehisa Sekine, Takuya Oshima
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2012
    • Place of Presentation
      Marriott Marquis (New York, USA)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Case study of land cover classification estimation using hyperspectral imaging data for outdoor acoustic simulations2012

    • Author(s)
      Yasuhiro Hiraguri, Takuya Oshima, Kazuma Hoshi, Masashi Imano
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2012
    • Place of Presentation
      Marriott Marquis (New York, USA)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 騒音・風速2点同時実測による盛土道路近傍の風況とその音響伝搬への影響調査2012

    • Author(s)
      廣井昂也、大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本建築学会
    • Place of Presentation
      名古屋大学(愛知県名古屋市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 実在地域における地表面の吸音特性を考慮した音響数値解析技術の開発 -ハイパースペクトルデータを用いた地表面データ生成手法の検討-2012

    • Author(s)
      平栗靖浩、大嶋拓也、星和磨
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会
    • Place of Presentation
      信州大学(長野県長野市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 実在地域における地表面の吸音特性を考慮した音響数値解析技術の開発 -地表面データを用いた時間領域音響数値解析-2012

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也、平栗靖浩、星和磨
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会
    • Place of Presentation
      信州大学(長野県長野市)
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 屋外音場数値解析のための数値地形情報を用いた市街地形状生成および格子生成2011

    • Author(s)
      大嶋拓也
    • Organizer
      日本音響学会
    • Place of Presentation
      島根大学
    • Year and Date
      2011-09-20
    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Measurements on effects of winds to road traffic noise propagations over a flat and open field2011

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Masaki Ii
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2011
    • Place of Presentation
      Osaka
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Presentation] Unified automatic mesh generation of urban terrain for linearized Euler simulations using digital geographic information2011

    • Author(s)
      Takuya Oshima, Masashi Imano
    • Organizer
      Inter-Noise 2011
    • Place of Presentation
      Osaka
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Book] はじめての音響数値シミュレーションプログラミングガイド2012

    • Author(s)
      日本建築学会(大嶋拓也, 石塚崇, 大久保寛, 鈴木久晴, 星和磨)
    • Total Pages
      218
    • Publisher
      コロナ社
    • Related Report
      2013 Final Research Report
  • [Book] はじめての音響数値シミュレーション プログラミングガイド2012

    • Author(s)
      日本建築学会(大嶋拓也、石塚崇、大久保寛、鈴木久晴、星和磨)
    • Total Pages
      218
    • Publisher
      コロナ社
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 音環境の数値シミュレーション-波動音響解析の技法と応用-2011

    • Author(s)
      日本建築学会
    • Total Pages
      292
    • Publisher
      日本建築学会
    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] OpenAcoustics

    • URL

      http://www.openacoustics.org/

    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks]

    • URL

      http://www.openacoustics.org/

    • Related Report
      2011 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2011-04-06   Modified: 2019-07-29  

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