| Budget Amount *help |
¥16,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,810,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥2,990,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥690,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥8,970,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,070,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Sympatric distribution of closely related species requires some mechanism to avoid the risk of reproductive interference. Distribution and abundance of sympatric Mnais costalis and M. pruinosa damselflies were studied in a low mountain stream in various locations in Japan, from 2011 through 2013. The reproductive seasons of the two species overlapped almost entirely: both species emerged in early May and disappeared in late June each year. Males of both species hold territories within the same stretch of the river; however, two species show some difference in habitat preference leading to the habitat segregation in a way that M. costalis was more abundant on the lower stream, while M. pruinosa was more abundant on the upper stream. We made physiological and ecological studies on various traits which show character displacements (wing-color polymorphism, body size, and habitat preference) and how they are related to habitat segregation and species recognition.
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