| Budget Amount *help |
¥18,590,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,290,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We found the following in this research projects: 1) Acrolein caused inactivation of GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as one mechanism of acrolein toxicity; 2) Acrolein was mainly detoxified by GSH (glutathione) in cells; 3) Theoretical background to measure PC-Acro, IL-6 and CRP in plasma for finding silent brain infarction was clarified; 4) Acrolein-conjugated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) induced macrophage foam cell formation, which is one of the reason of atherosclerosis lesions; and 5) Urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), an acrolein-glutathione metabolite, decreased in stroke patients.
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