| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Bhutan has chosen a‘middle path’ approach to democratization; it has complied with the global standards to adopt universal suffrage, multi-party election, and bicameral legislature, while contravening the liberalistic orthodoxy of rendering the state as a neutral arbiter that refrains from according a special status to any particular leader or religion. The constitution stipulates that the monarchy and Buddhism shall serve as moral authorities nurturing associative bonds in society. These ostensibly ‘illiberal’ provisions throw a critical light on the predicament facing today's ‘advanced democracies’, which lack a focal point that nurtures social cohesion bound by mutual obligation and trust, and are thus liable to implement development practices that are not only ecologically unsustainable but result in social and cultural degradation. Bhutan’s democracy can serve as a source of inspiration for those who explore types of an alternative governance structure.
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