| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Among 269 members of the Pakistani National Assembly, more than 60% (61.7%) of them have been recognized as Zamindar (big landowner). The relation between landownership and political power can be still seen in the Pakistan national politics. However, this number is greatly influenced by Punjab. In Punjab, which is the center of Pakistan economy, nearly 80% of the National Assembly members are zamindars. In other states: Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the rate of Zamindar politicians is around 50% or lower. While it is often viewed that the role of landed elites has been reduced in the national politics, the data has confirmed that its presence in national politics is still visible in Punjab province.
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