| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Our project has reached the following four stages of suggestive conclusion: 1. The indecisive states in the borrowing process of Old Norse in certain place-names in Cumbria indicates that the process was not straightforward, but a result of series of trial-and-error made by the speakers of both languages. 2. The two of the hitherto enigmatic and debatable runic inscriptions curved on the 12th century font preserved in Bridekirk parish church, Cumberland, are 'y' and 'thorn', forming the preterite participle suffix of an ON derived verb 'gere'. 3. The comparison with the 12th-14th century Norwegian runic inscriptions acknowledges the phonological changes in the Cumbrian dialect in the later Middle Ages more distinct. 4. The recognition of the process of amalgamation of medieval Scandinavian with English will provide the teachers of the English language in Japan with more profound understandings of the nature of English; English as a part of the Northern European culture.
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