| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
It is well known that the Manchu language underwent remarkable changes in the Shun-zhi era and in the second half of the Qian-long era. In this research we investigated the state of that language in the period between these two eras. We first converted 8MB-sized Manchu text in the books on Confucianism translated by the Qing goverment into an electorinic form. Analyzing it from statistical viewpoints, we found that the vocabulary and the grammar of Manchu had changed slowly but steadily in the first half of the Kang-xi era, and obtained numerical indices of the changes. We next compared the vocabulary and the grammar of Manchu books on Catholicism with those of Manchu books on Confucianism. We found that European missionaries had misunderstood several points of syntax and vocabulary of literary Manchu. Observing how these misunderstandings appear in the Manchu books on Western science, we were able to estimate the extent of the contributions done by bannermen.
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