| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
This research project revisited the institutional development of the independent regulatory commissions in the United States from the 1920s to the New Deal, asking how it impacted the course of U.S. administrative state building. Its findings show that the diffusion of the commissions' strong autonomy from the three branches of the government and court-like procedures among administrative agencies, including executive departments, heavily judicialized the entire administrative state by the mid-1940s.
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