| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The merger of wards of roughly same population in Berlin, carried out under the slogan "fewer is more!", made the comparison of administrative services of each ward easy. And it resulted in better administrative services and reasonable number of civil servants.
Many initiatives and referendums by ward residents in Berlin haven't succeeded yet. However, there are some cases where residents' demands were realized as a result of their movement.
The initiative and referendum system of ward in Berlin serves as a tool which produces the politics and administration based on residents' intention.
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