| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
International society has been facing the world without quantitative targets since 2013, when the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ended. This research project concluded that the feature of climate change governance without quantitative targets after 2013 is a bottom-up approach, which aims to mitigate climate change through combined domestic policies called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). Under the process to formulate agreement, all parties for the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) emphasize transparency for decision making and equities which could not be achieved by the Kyoto Protocol and carbon market where winners and loosers had emerged.
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