| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Mutual help as a spontaneous social order is important factor for our lives. The action of mutual help in regional societies is divided into three types based on the direction of actions. One is reciprocity in helping to plant rice and re-roof houses by exchanging labor. The second is redistribution. In exchange for the right to get goods from a common store, local people have the obligation to maintain common-pool resources. Finally, unidirectional help refers to support in funeral and wedding ceremonies requiring no monetary exchange. Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan have similar patterns of mutual help action. The study explored both the commonalities and differences among them considering their interaction. Although the qualities of mutual help networks differ among these countries and political differences present formidable obstacles, the populace could find common ground based on shared notions of traditional communal help to connect as an East Asian community.
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