| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In Japanese classes, written language, as well as oral language, is frequently utilized and a blackboard plays a significant role as media for teaching and learning communication. In Italy and Slovenia, classroom communication, except in grammar classes, depends on oral language more heavily than those in the USA. In the USA, a teacher and students interact with a communication pattern where a teacher and an individual student respond each other as 'one to one'. In Italy and Slovenia, a communication pattern, in which several students will respond at the same time to a single utterance by a teacher, is observed as well as 'one to one' communication pattern. The study indicates that classroom communication in Italy and Slovenia should be apprehended within a framework where each student himself/herself expresses what he/she comprehends and then a teacher supports his/her expressions rather than the one where a student will respond to a teacher's question.
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